Functions of dbms:
- Data Storage: Structured and organised data is stored by DBMSs. It oversees the actual disc storage of data, guaranteeing effective use of storage resources.
- Data Retrieval: Using queries, users may obtain data from the database. Users may get the data they require, filter results, and conduct targeted searches.
- Data Manipulation: A database management system (DBMS) enables users to add, edit, remove, and alter data. Usually, SQL (Structured Query Language) instructions are used for this.
- Data security is ensured by DBMS procedures that limit access to data, allowing only authorised users to see or alter it. Data encryption, authorization, and user authentication are all included.
- Data Integrity: To preserve the quality and consistency of the data, DBMSs implement data integrity restrictions. This contains data validation guidelines, which make sure the data follows predetermined criteria.
- Concurrency Control: To avoid conflicts and guarantee data consistency in multi-user scenarios, database management systems (DBMS) control concurrent access to data. Concurrent access is managed using strategies like as locking and transactions.
- Data backup and recovery are provided by DBMSs to guard against data loss in the event of hardware malfunctions, human mistake, or other calamities. Maintaining regular backups is essential for data longevity.
- Query Optimisation: To increase performance, DBMSs optimise how queries are executed. By figuring out the fastest route to get data out of the database, it shortens the time it takes for a query to execute.
- Data Dictionary: A data dictionary, also known as a metadata repository, is kept up to date by DBMSs and provides details on the characteristics and structure of the data stored in the database. It facilitates comprehension of the database schema.
- Data indexing: To expedite the retrieval of data, DBMSs employ indexing structures. Indexes, which are based on key values, offer fast access to certain data records.
- Data Redundancy Control: By guaranteeing that data is kept only once and may be accessed by several entities, DBMS reduces data redundancy. This promotes efficiency and uniformity in data.
- Data Validation and Constraints: Database management systems (DBMS) impose guidelines and limitations on data to make sure it complies with predetermined norms and specifications, including unique keys and foreign keys.
- Administrators may establish and manage accounts for users and roles using database management systems (DBMSs), defining the data and activities that each user or role has access to.
- Data Transformation: To transport, alter, and integrate data from several sources into the database, certain DBMSs have data transformation and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) capabilities.
- Reporting and Analysis: DBMSs are capable of supporting tools for reporting and data analysis, allowing users to draw insightful conclusions from the data they have saved.
Components of dbms:
- The real data is kept in this data storage system. It may reside in memory or on disc, based on the settings and particular database management system. Tables or other data structures are used to organise data.
- Question Processor: The task of processing and optimising SQL queries falls to the query processor. By developing query execution plans, it ascertains the most effective technique to get data from the database.
- Concurrency Control Manager: To avoid conflicts and guarantee data consistency in multi-user scenarios, the concurrency control manager controls concurrent access to the data. Usually, lock management and transaction control are included in this component.
- Data Dictionary: Also referred to as the metadata repository, the data dictionary contains metadata about the database, such as tables, constraints, attributes, and schema. It helps different components comprehend the structure of the database.
- Storage Manager: The storage manager is in charge of overseeing the actual disc storage of data. It consists of operations like buffer management, indexing structures, and file organisation for effective data retrieval.
- Module for Security and Authorization: This module establishes security guidelines and regulates user access to the database. It has permission controls to establish what actions users are permitted to take, as well as authentication methods to confirm user identities.
- Module for Backup and Recovery: This module offers methods and tools for backing up and recovering data. Because it makes data restoration possible in the event of hardware malfunctions, user mistake, or other calamities, it contributes to data durability.
- Query Interface: The query interface gives users an easy-to-use means of interacting with the database management system. Users can submit instructions and queries via its command-line interfaces, graphical user interfaces, and application programming interfaces (APIs).
- Tools and Utilities: Database management systems frequently provide a range of tools and utilities for database management. These tools include schema management, performance monitoring, data import/export tools, and other administration features.
- ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) components are included in certain database management systems (DBMSs). These elements provide the integration, movement, and transformation of data from several sources into the database.
- Reporting and Data Analysis Tools: A few database management systems (DBMSs) provide users with the ability to create reports and carry out data analysis inside the DBMS environment.
- The transaction manager in a database management system (DBMS) is responsible for guaranteeing that transactions maintain the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) characteristics. It controls the status of transactions and guarantees their dependable execution.