Computer Fundamentals MCQ

Answer: d) Charles Babbage

Explanation:

Charles Babbage invented the ANALYTICAL ENGINE in 1837, which used punch cards as ROM (read-only memory). As it was considered the first working computer, Charles Babbage was known as the father of computers.

Answer: d) I, II, III, IV

Explanation:

These are some essential components of Computers without which no Computer can work

These include.

1. PROCESSORS – the central working unit of the computer which transmits information from software to hardware.
2. MEMORY is the primary memory and source component for data transmission between CPU and storage units.
3. MOTHERBOARD – the primary set of hardware that connects all the components of the computer.
4. INPUT / OUTPUT DEVICES – it allows two-way communication between a computer and the user.

Answer: d) I, II, III, IV, V

Explanation:

Computers are usually divided into 5 types

1. MICRO COMPUTERS - uses microprocessors as CPU and is a single-user computer with less speed and less storage capacity. Example – laptops personal computers
2. MINI COMPUTERS – multi-user computers also known as mid-range computers, for example – universities, banking, etc.
3. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS – multi-user computers but with capabilities to support thousands of users at a time. Used mainly by large firms and MNCs example – government banks, insurance companies, etc.
4. SUPER COMPUTERS – the most expensive and the fastest types of computers in the market. These are designed specially to execute millions of instructions in one go. Example – NASA, ISRO, etc.
5. WORKSTATIONS – these are similar to micro computers with single users but are much more powerful than them and are used mainly by developers, designers, VFX artist gamers,etc.
   

Answer: b) Analogue Computers

Explanation:

These computers are designed to process Analogous data, i.e., these computers do not require exact data to give output. They measure the physical quantity and represent them as a reading on a dial or a scale, for example, odometer, speedometer, etc.

Answer: d) I, II, IV, V

Explanation:

Analogous Computer is good in the following ways

1. Analogous computers allow real-time calculations and operations and tend to represent data on the analog machine simultaneously.
2. Analogous computers provide a solution to the problems and help the user to understand the errors
3. The analogous computer can even perform calculations without converting the inputs to a digital medium

Answer:   a) Digital Computers

Explanation:

Digital Computers receive input data in the form of binary digits and process the information received in the form of 1s and 0s using suitable programs stored in their memory to perform arithmetic. All devices that we own are digital computers

Answer: d) I, II, III, V

Explanation:

Properties of Digital Computers are

1. The cost of hardware is less as compared to analogous computers as it consists of advanced chips and microprocessors
2. These are highly reliable as they provide additional scope for error corrections
3. It allows you to store a large amount of data to be used later when we require them.
4. They perform fast as the data is processed digitally

Answer:  c) Hybrid Computers

Explanation:

Hybrid computers consist of the properties of both analog as well as digital computers. i.e., it can store memory and calculate as précised as digital computers and perform as fast as analog computers. They can receive data in analog signals, convert them to digital signals, and use them to perform tasks.

Answer: d) I, II, III, V

Explanation:

Properties of Hybrid Computers are

1. These computers are highly accurate and suitable for solving significant equations in real-time
2. These provide accurate and précised results in a short time
3. Processing speed is high because it receives data in the form of analog signals, which are extremely fast
4. Easy to work with

Answer: d) all of the above

Explanation:

Significant components of Computers are

1. INPUT device – the first step while performing any operation is to enter the data required to perform calculations which can be performed using input devices such as mouse and keyboard.
2. Memory – the major component to store data consists of primary and secondary memory, which holds instructions and uses them for data processing.
3. CPU – all the processing takes place in the central processing unit as it receives the set of information stored in memory and use the data to perform operations and send them to display
4. Output devices – once the information is processed, the CPU sends the information to output devices to share the processed result

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation:

CPU consists of the following components

1. ALU – Arithmetic logical unit is used to perform all the arithmetic, and logical functions used to perform tasks, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, comparison merging data, etc.
2. Control Unit – control unit is the connection of electrical signals controlling and coordinating all parts of computers. It regulates the flow of data across the system
3. Memory/storage unit – these act as a temporary storage area that holds the data for a small amount of time used to perform operations. Later, the stored data is automatically deleted.

Answer: a) One core processor to perform one operation at a single time, CPU has to switch back and forth continuously between different set of data’s when we perform more than one operation

Explanation:

The single-core processor contains one core processor to perform one operation simultaneously. The CPU has to switch back and forth continuously between different data sets when performing more than one operation. It is tough to perform multitasking operations as the performance declines drastically.

Answer: b) Contains two core processors linked together as one. Both these processors have distinct controller and cache memory and can handle multitasking easily compared to single-core processors.

Explanation:

Dual-core processors. Contains two core processors that are linked together as one on a single integrated chip. Both these processors have distinct controller and cache memory and can handle multitasking easily compared to single-core processors. These are more effective and efficient.

Answer: c) Contains four indistinct processors that contain four integrated units that can run parallel or on a single chip, thus making multitasking more convenient.

Explanation:

Quad-core processors, as the name suggests, contains two dual-core processors that are integrated on a single chip, i.e., it contains fore independent processors as these processors can efficiently run and perform simultaneously, thus increasing the overall speed also these processors can run parallel or on a single chip thus making multitasking more convenient.

Answer: a) A thin circuit board used to hold all the physical parts of a computer like memory drives, hard drive ports, and slots for the input-output device.

Explanation:  It is the most extensive circuit board in the computer and holds all the essential parts required to run a computer. Also, it provides power to all the parts installed over the board. It acts as a communicator between all the components.

Answer: d) II, III, IV, V, VI

Explanation:

Significant components of the Motherboard are

1. Power connector – used to supply power to the motherboard.
2. Expansion slot – it is an extension slot that is used to provide an expansion unit. It can either be a memory card or graphic card.
3. Capacitor – consists of two conducting plates and an insulator between the two.
4. CMOS battery – complementary metal oxide semiconductor, i.e., memory used to store BIOS settings.
5. AGP slot – Accelerated Graphic Port used to connect external graphic card.
6. PCI slot – Peripheral Component Interconnect connects networking devices such as modems, network hardware, and video cards.
7. USB slot – Universal serial bus used to connect external devices such as mice, keyboards, etc.
8. CPU slot – this slot links microprocessors to the motherboard.
9. Heat sink – it absorbs the heat generated by the processor.

Answer: c) I, III, IV

Explanation:

Major Software is

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – these are the leading software that runs the computer, such as windows, Linux, etc.
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE – these are software designed to perform certain specific tasks, for example, multimedia software like VLC media player, Windows media player, etc.
3. PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE – these are specially designed software used to create new software, for example – Visual studio code, Sublime text.

Answer: c) I, II, III, IV, V

Explanation:

Major System Software is

1. BIOS – a basic input-output system, this software is stored in read-only memory. It automatically activates when the system is turned on and loads all the drivers on the hard disk.
2. Operating system – this software works as the interface that enables the user to interact with the system. Also, it handles the operation of hardware and software.
3. Boot program – boot program runs at the beginning of the computer. It enables the command to execute automatically from ROM to enable BIOS.
4. Assembler – assembler converts information into bits which are used later to perform tasks.
5. Device drivers are software for particular hardware, and they provide an interface for the user to use the particular hardware.

Answer: c) II, III, IV, V

Explanation:

Major System Software is

1. Word Processing software – this software allows the user to edit, format, or create text-driven documents. Some of the software is MS Word, Notepad, etc.
2. Spreadsheet software allows the user to perform calculations or store records. These consist of rows and columns to easily store and manipulate extensive data. For example, MS excel, google spreadsheets.
3. Multimedia Software allows the user to edit and manipulate graphic objects such as videos, images, and music. Some of the software is Adobe Photoshop, wonder share Filmora.
4. Enterprise software is developed to perform specific tasks in a particular organization, primarily in a business where management is too large to manage. This software generally performs accounting, billing, attendance, etc. For example, Business Intelligence, Supply chain Management, etc.

Answer: c) I, IV, VI, VII

Explanation:

Major Programming Software is

1. Word Processing software – this software allows the user to edit, format, or create.
2. Eclipse – programming language editor for java.
3. Coda – programming language editor for MAC.
4. Notepad ++ - Open-source code editor for windows.
5. Visual studio code – cross-platform code editor for all operating system and contain numerous plugins to use any coding language.

Answer: c) Bit

Explanation: The smallest memory unit to measure data, store it in memory, and represent it is BIT. It consists of either of the two binary values that are 0 and 1.

Answer: c) Byte

Explanation: The fundamental unit to measure data is BYTE. All the default calculations and data representation are done in BYTEs. 1 BYTE contains 8 bits, and 1 byte can hold precisely 2 ^ 8, values that are equal to 256 values.

Answer: c) 1,048,576 MB

Explanation:

1 KB = 1024 BYTE

1 MB = 1024 KB

1 GB = 1024 MB

1 TB = 1024 GB

1 TB = 1024 * 1024 MB

= 1,048,576 MB

Answer: c) I, II, III

Explanation:

Types of secondary memories

1. Hard disk – rigid magnetic disk to store data permanently. It stores memory on platters by a moving magnetic head that spins to store data.
2. SSD – solid-state drive, does not contain any moving components, making it much faster and less power-consuming than a regular hard disk.
3. DVD – Digital versatile discs are similar to CD but with much more storing capacity.
4. CD – compact disk or polycarbonate plastic disc used for storing small data.
5. Pen drive – A USB flash drive can easily connect to a computer using a USB port on the motherboard.
6. SD card – secure digital card primarily used in portable devices.

Answer: a) Very Large-Scale Integration

Explanation: Very Large-Scale Integration is a process of combining millions of transistors into a chip called an integrated circuit.

Answer: b) I, II, III, IV, V

Explanation:

Types of file systems are: -

1. FAT – File allocation table
2. GFS – Global
3. HFS – Hierarchical file system
4. NTFS – NT file system
5. UDF – Universal disk format

Answer: b) Internet explorer

Explanation: Internet Explorer has been a default browser for windows since 1995 from the version windows 95.

Answer: a) MICR

Explanation: MICR – magnetic ink character reader this device is used to read any text printed with magnetic ink. MICR uses character recognition.

Answer: a) Optical character reader

Explanation: OCR – optical character reader these devices convert handwritten text to digital text.

Answer: c) VR devices

Explanation: Virtual reality devices create and develop virtual and artificial environments where the user can interact with virtual devices in real-time.

Answer: b) Nintendo Wii

Explanation: Wii is a home video game console developed by Nintendo, which uses Gesture recognition. Wii observes the movement of the player's body and interprets the movement to a game console.

Answer: a) Small Computer System interface

Explanation: SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface. This contains a group of protocols that helps to send commands between computer and external devices.

Answer: a) International Organisation for standardization

Explanation: ISO stands for International Organisation for standardization. It is a non-governmental organization and works with institutes and companies to develop technology standards.

Answer: a) .txt

Explanation: Notepad has .txt as an extension, which stands for standard text documentation, which holds default unaltered text

Answer: c) PowerPoint

Explanation: PowerPoint uses the extension .ppt, and it enables the user to create a slideshow presentation.

Answer: c) Microsoft excel

Explanation: Microsoft Excel uses the extension .xls it enables the user to create spreadsheets which helps the user to maintain data in the form of rows and columns.

Answer: c) Microsoft excel

Explanation:

Microsoft Excel uses the extension .xls it enables the user to create spreadsheets which helps the user to maintain data in the form of rows and columns.

Answer: a) John Von Neumann

Explanation: Professor John von Neumann developed the basic design of digital computers in 1945. He developed ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) first electronic programmable digital computer.

Answer: a) Graphical user interface

Explanation: Graphical User Interface GUI it helps the user to interact with devices through pictures and graphics physically, making interaction convenient.

Answer: a) Errors made during programs

Explanation: Errors made while creating a program are called bugs. Errors can be syntax errors, systematic errors, etc.

Answer: a) file transfer protocol

Explanation: The protocol consists of all the sets of rules like how data is transferred and confirmed by the receiver and which commands are used to send and receive data.

File transfer protocol or FTp, as the name suggests it is a standard network protocol used in file transfer between a server and a client in a computer network. File transfer protocol uses authenticate feature in the form of username and password and for more security username and password are encrypted.

Answer: a) List of instructions

Explanation: List of instructions and set of commands used to perform a particular task and solve specific problems and algorithms to solve complex problems are called programs.

Answer: a) Firewall

Explanation: The firewall is the first step of protection that doesn’t allow any suspected or malicious software to enter the system and is considered one of the best protection modes.

Answer: b) Malicious software

Explanation: A virus is nothing but malicious software that is installed on a user desktop without any permission, and it may provide access to personal details to the crackers.

Answer: b) 53

Explanation: To convert Binary to Decimal

110101

(1 × 2 ⁰) + (1 × 2 ⁰) + (0 × 2 ³) + (1 × 2 ²) + (0 × 2 ¹) + (1 × 2 ⁰)

32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1

53

Answer: b) 110101

Explanation:

To convert Decimal to Binary 53

Write in reverse order 110101

Answer: b) 35

Explanation:

To convert Binary to Hexadecimal

110101 – we will split the term into 4 binary bit 0011 and 0101

As we can see hex equivalent of 0011 is 3, and 0101 is 5; therefore, 110101 is equal to 35

Answer: b) 110101

Explanation: To convert Hexadecimal to Binary 35 – we have to start with the lowest digit, i.e., 5, and then move on further up, i.e., 3

As we can see, the binary equivalent of 3 is 0011, and 5 is 0101; therefore, 110101 is equal to 35

Answer: b) 15

Explanation:

To convert Decimal to Hexadecimal 21

Write in reverse order, i.e., 15

Answer: b) 260

Explanation:

To convert Hexadecimal to Decimal

104

(1 × 16 ²) + (0 × 16 ¹) + (4 × 16 ⁰)

256 + 4

260