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Routing Information Protocol

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Routing Information Protocol is a distance-vector routing protocol. It uses hop count to determine the best way for the remote network. By default, it has a maximum hop count 15.

In every 30 seconds, RIP sends the complete routing table to all active interfaces. It uses Administrative Distance (AD) value 120 and port number 540.

Features of RIP:

A list of features of RIP is given below:

  • Network updates are exchanged periodically.
  • Routing Information (updates) is always broadcast.
  • distance-vector routing Protocol
  • Supports authentication
  • Uses hop count as a path selection metric
  • Provides a different mechanism to avoid loops in the network.

RIP Modes

RIP routers are categorized in two modes –

  • Active –In this mode, routers share their routing table information with other routers.
  • Passive –In this mode, the router takes routing table information from other routers but do not share its own routing table information with any other routers.

Note: By default, RIP runs on the Active mode. 

Routing Table Structure

The RIP routing table contains the following information:

  • Destination address - In this field, the IP address of the destination network is defined.
  • Next hop (Metric) – In this field, the next router’s IP address is defined to reach the destination.
  • Hop count – Hop count is the number of hops from source router through which data must pass to reach the destination network. It is also called a metric field.

RIP Timers

RIP uses four different kinds of timers in its performance:

  1. Route update timer:  Update timers are used to send updates periodically. In every 30 seconds, it sends a complete copy of its routing table to all routers.
  2. Route invalid timer: Router invalid timer is also called a Router timeout timer. It is used to determine that if there is no updates occur in the 180 seconds, then it is considered as an invalid timer and the router goes to holddown period.  
  3. Holddown timer: Holddown timer contains the number of seconds that the router waits before it accepts any new updates.
  4. Flush Time: The flush timer is set to the 240 seconds, means if a router is 240 seconds old, it will be flushed from the routing table.

RIP Versions                                                                               

There are mainly two types of RIP versions:

  1. RIPv1 (Routing Information Protocol version1)
  2. RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version2)

RIPv1 (Routing Information Protocol version1)

RIPv1 is also known as classful routing protocol because, in RIPv1, all devices in the network must use the same subnet mask. It does not send the subnet mask's information to its routing table.

Configure RIPv1 Routing

Consider the topology given below:

Configure RIPv1 Routing

A summary of the IP address configured in the router’s interfaces are shown in the table given below:

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask
Router1 Se0/0/0 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router0 Se0/0/0 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
Router0 Se0/0/1 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router2 Se0/0/0 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0

Configure IP addresses to the Router’s interface:

Router>enable is used to enter the privileged exec mode.

Router#configure terminal is used to enter the global configuration mode.

Router(config)#hostname Router1 is used to identify the router in the whole network.

Router1(config)#interface s0/0/0 is used to enter the serial mode.

Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 is used to configure IP address to the interface.

Router1(config-if)#clock rate 640000 is used to control data flow.

Router1(config-if)#no shutdown is used to make interface always up.

Router1(config-if)#exit return the previous mode.

Router1

On Router1, give the following commands to configure an IP address.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal   
Router(config)#hostname   
Router1   Router(config)#interface s0/0/0   
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0   
Router(config-if)#no shutdown   
Router(config-if)#exit
Routing Information Protocol 1

Router0

On Router0, give the following commands to configure the IP address.

Routing Information Protocol 2

Router2

On Router0, give the following commands to configure an IP address.

Routing Information Protocol 3

To configure RIP give following commands:

Router1

On Router1, give the following commands to configure RIP.

Router1(config)#router rip
Router1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
Router1(config-router)#exit
Routing Information Protocol 4

Router0

On Router0, give the following commands to configure RIP.

Router0(config)#router rip
Router0(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
Router0(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
Router0(config-router)#exit
Routing Information Protocol 5

Router2

On Router2, give the following commands to configure RIP.

Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Routing Information Protocol 6

Verifying RIP Routing

  • We use “show ip route” command to see the RIP Routing table.

Router1

Routing Information Protocol 7

Router0

Routing Information Protocol 8

Router2

Routing Information Protocol 9
  • We use “show ip protocols” command to verify which routing protocol is configured in the topology

Router#show ip protocols

Routing Information Protocol 10
  • We use “debug ip rip”command to view the RIP messages is being sent and received.

Router#debugip rip

Routing Information Protocol 11
  • We use “undebug all”command to stop the debugging process.

Router#undebug all

Routing Information Protocol 12

RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version2)

RIPv2 is also known as classless routing protocol or prefix routing. It is used to send subnet mask information with the route updates.

To configure RIP version 2 give the following command on the Routers:

Router1

On Router1, give the following commands to configure RIPv2: 

Router1(config)#router rip   
Router1(config-router)#version 2   
Router1(config-router)#network  192.168.10.0   
Router1(config-router)#exit

Router0

On Router0, give the following commands to configure RIPv2: 

 Router0(config)#router rip   
Router0(config-router)#version2   
Router0(config-router)#network  192.168.10.0   
Router0(config-router)#network  192.168.20.0   
Router0(config-router)#exit

Router2

On Router2, give the following commands to configure RIPv2: 

Router(config)#router rip   
Router(config-router)#version2   
Router(config-router)#network   192.168.20.0   
Router(config-router)#exit

To show the RIP version 2, we use “show ip protocols” command:

Routing Information Protocol 13

Difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2:

RIPv1 RIPv2
It sends an update as broadcast It sends an update as multicast
It is a classful routing protocol It is a classless routing protocol
It does not support authentication It supports authentication
It does not support VLSM It supports VLSM

Removing RIP Routing Configuration

If you have added a wrong network, you can remove that network from the routing table.

To remove the network, we use the following commands on the routers:

Router1

On Router1, give following commands to remove RIP:

Router1(config)#router rip   
Router1(config-router)#no network   192.168.10.0   
Router1(config-router)#exit

Router0

On Router0, give following commands to remove RIP:

Router0(config)#router rip   
Router0(config-router)#no network   192.168.10.0   
Router0(config-router)#no network   192.168.20.0   
Router0(config-router)#exit

Router2

On Router2, give following commands to remove RIP:

Router(config)#router rip   
Router(config-router)#no network   192.168.20.0   
Router(config-router)#exit

We use “show ip protocols” command to verify if RIP configuration is removed or not. If show ip protocols command does not give any output means RIP configuration is removed.

Routing Information Protocol 14

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