Top 5 Programming Languages for Backend Development
What is Backend Development?
As we all know that a website has two important components, which are frontend and backend.
The frontend is the part where the user directly interacts with and can see what is on screen. It is also called client-side web because the client or user is dealing with it directly.
The frontend web uses text, images and a lot of graphics on the screen, and for this, we use HTML, CSS and JavaScript mainly. Also, we use a lot of frontend frameworks like ReactJS, jQuery etc.
Now, if we talk about the backend then the part of the website which is not visible to normal users and users can't interact with it directly. The backend part can be accessed by the developers, and it is also called the server side development.
The main objective of the backend is to handle the client’s request and manage the database and ensure good performance in the frontend.
We can use a lot of programming languages to develop the backend for any website. The top 5 programming languages for backend development or backend programming is as follows:
1. Java
Java is one of the most famous programming languages for developing the backend part of any website. It is mainly used in application development like android apps, desktop apps etc. One of the most amazing features of Java is that it is machine-independent. It means once we compile our code, we can run it on any device, but there should be a Java Virtual Machine present. Java code is basically translated into a different form which we call byte-code, and this byte-code can be run on any machine. Java is a multithreaded language which means we can have more than one thread working at the same time which makes CPU efficiency higher.
Another feature is that it is completely object-oriented, has a lot of in-built libraries, a garbage collector feature to save the memory etc. Spring, Struts and Grails are the most popular frameworks of Java.
2. PHP
The full form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor. Since it is an interpreted language, we do not need any compiler for this language. It is compatible with almost every operating system like Windows, mac, Linux etc. Speaking about PHP's enlivening qualities, there are a lot of them, including its user-friendly nature, cross-platform compatibility, OOPs capabilities, support for numerous common databases like MySQL and SQLite, as well as its robust community. The unique and main reason to use PHP in the backend is that it has many hash algorithms which can be used to encrypt the user data in the backend.
3. Python
As we heard many times, that Python is used in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence or Data Science, but it is also used widely in backend development. The top 3 languages used by Google are Python, C++ and Java. Even one of the major IT giants of the modern era, Google, heavily relies on Python. The main reason to use Python is that it has a lot of inbuilt libraries so that developers can work so fast on their code implementation. Python's other notable and distinguishing qualities such as improved code readability.
Another amazing feature of Python is it supports GUI libraries, compatible with many languages also. There are many Python frameworks such as Flask and Django etc.
4. C#
C# (C - sharp) is one of the popular programming languages developed by Microsoft. Microsoft developed this language to work with the .NET framework. It is used in Windows development and game development. The faster compilation, a lot of inbuilt libraries, highly scalable etc. are the main features of C# that makes a good choice to use it in the backend.
5. GoLang
Nowadays, it is one of the most famous languages used in industries. It was developed by Google, and it is a statically typed programming language. The syntax of GO is the same as C language, so it is easy to understand and learn. It has a lot of features like multithreading and an automatic garbage collector that makes it so useful in the backend. Some popular frameworks of GoLang are beego, echo and revel etc.