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C Functions

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C Programs

infix To Postfix Program in C Armstrong program in C using function Factorial Program in C using For Loop Factorial Program in C Using While Loop Prime Number Program in C using for Loop C program to find factorial of a number using Recursion Fibonacci series program in C using Recursion C Program to find the Roots of a Quadratic Equation C Program Swap Numbers in cyclic order Using Call by Reference C Program to Find Largest Number Using Dynamic Memory Allocation C Program to Find the Largest Number using Ternary Operator C/C++ Program to Find the Size of int, float, double and char Multiplication table program in C using For loop C Program for Mean and Median of an Unsorted Array C program that does not Suspend when Ctrl+Z is Pressed Write a program that produces different results in C and C++ SJF Scheduling Program in C Union Program in C GCD program in C Bit Stuffing Program in C Arithmetic Progression Program in C Binomial Coefficient Program in C C Program to find the size of a File GCD program of two numbers in C C Program for Extended Euclidean algorithms C Program of Fencing the Ground Compound interest Program in C Distance Vector Routing Protocol Program in c DSA Program in C Simple Programs in C Language Assignment Operator Program in C Caesar Cipher Program in C CRC Program in C Deadlock Detection Program in C C Program to find ASCII value of a character 1 2 3 4 Series Program in C C Program for Polynomial Addition C Program to Count the Number of Vowels in a String Complex C Programs Addition Program in C Calculator Program in C C Program to Read and Print an Employee's Detail Using Structure C Program to Find Area and Perimeter of Circle C Program to Check Whether a Given Number is Even or Odd C Program to Make a Simple Calculator Using Switch Case Insertion Sort Program in C Leap Year Program in C Simple interest Program in C Patterm Program in C C Program to Print Table from 1 to 10 Power of 2 Program in C Program to Swap two numbers using Pointers in C Stack program in C C Program For String Concatenation C Program to Calculate Electricity Bill C Program to Convert Decimal to Binary without using Array C Program to Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal C Program to Draw a Circle C Program for Customer Billing System C Program to Reverse a Linked List C Program to Store Inventory System using Structures C Program to Swap Two Numbers Using Call by Reference C Program Using Segmentation Fault C Program Using Structures Employee Details C Program For Matrix Multiplication C Program to Print a Matrix C Program Using Recursion C Program For Sine Series C Program to Find the Square Root Of a Number C Program For Union Of Sets C Program to Access The Array Elements Using Pointers C Program to Add Two integers C Program to Find Gcd Of Two Numbers C Program to Swap 2 Numbers Marksheet Program in C First and Follow Programs in C Checksum Program in C Alphabet Pattern Programs in C Bellman Ford Algorithm Program in C Fcfs Program in C C Program to Calculate Compound Interest C Program to Calculate Percentage C Program to Find Sum Of Array Elements C Program to Find The Rank Of a Matrix C Program to Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm C Program to Swap Two Numbers Without Using a Third Variable Binary Tree Program in C Client Server Program in C Program to Check Balanced Parenthesis in C ATM Program in C C Program to Check Student is Pass or Fail C Program to Delete An Element in An Array C Program to Find Factors of a Number C Program to Generate the Fibonacci Triangle Program For Average of 5 Numbers in C Program to Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal in C Binomial Heap Program in C C Program to Find the Largest Element in An Array C Program to Search An Element in An Array C Program to Sort An Array in Descending Order Strssen Matrix Multiplication Program in C Vigenere Cipher Program in C

C Loops

Loop Statement in C Do-While Loop in C For Loop in C While-Loop in C Entry Control Loop in C Exit control loop in C infinite loop in C Nested loop in C For loop in C Programming

C Examples

Do WHILE LOOP in C Programming Examples For Loop in C Programming Examples While Loop in C programming examples Nested Loops in C Programming Examples Types of Tokens in C with Examples Merge and Merge sort with example in C Example of Iteration in C FIFO Example in the C Language Explain Recursion with example in C

Questions

What are linker and loader in C What is Linked List in C What is a buffer in C What is required in each C Program What is the main in C Why C is a Middle Level Language Why does sizeof(x++) not increment x in C What is String Comparison in C What is a Size of Pointer in C What is increment and Decrement Operator in C What are the differences between C and Embedded C What is Constant in C What is Stack in C What is Data Structure in C Can We Learn Python Without C Can We Learn Java Without Learning C What is Flag in C What is Lvalue in C Which Loop is Faster in C Language What is the Producer Consumer Problem in C What is The Garbage Value in C What is The Function Prototype in C What is FEOF in C

How To

How to Avoid Structure Padding in C How to use atoi() function in C How to use floor() function in C How to use sine() function in C How to use Typedef Struct in C How to delete a file in C How to move a text in C How to create a binary file in C How to convert a number to words in C How to convert a string to hexadecimal in C How to Calculate Time Complexity in C How to include graphics.h in C How to measure time taken by a function in C How to return a Pointer from a Function in C How to Find Square Free Numbers in C How to Declare Boolean in C How to Declare Character in C How to Round up a number in C How to use strlen() in C How to find string length in C using strlen() function How to take input in string in C How to Use Threads in C How to Place Horizontal Tab Character in C How to Reverse a Number in C How to Print Double Quotes in C How to Create Your Own Header Files in C How to Store an Integer in a Char Array in C How can we Initialize an Array in C

Difference

Difference between while and do-while loop in C Difference between rand() and srand() function in C Difference between while and for loop in C Difference between Array and List in C Difference between If and Switch Statement in C Difference between If Else and Nested If Else in C Difference between Pre-increment and Post-increment in C Difference between Scope and Lifetime in C Difference between Argument and Parameter in C Difference between char s[] and char *s in C Difference between Static and Dynamic Memory Allocation in C Difference between parameter and arguments in C Runtime Vs Compile Time in C Const Vs Volatile in C C Vs Java C vs Java Strings Difference Between Float and Double in C Difference Between Malloc and Calloc in C Fseek vs Rewind Function in C Difference between Structure And Union in C With Example

C Interview Questions

Interview Questions on Pointers in C

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Explain the Increment and Decrement Operators in C

In the C programming language, the increment operator (++) and the decrement operator (--) are used to increase or decreasing a variable’s value by 1, respectively.

The increment operator is written as '++' and is placed either before the variable (prefix notation) or after the variable (postfix notation).

Example 1:

int x = 5;
// prefix notation
++x; // x is now 6


// postfix notation
x++; // x is now 7

The decrement operator is written as '--' and is used in the same way as the increment operator.

Example 2:

int x = 5;
// prefix notation
--x; // x is now 4


// postfix notation
x--; // x is now 3

It's important to note that the position of the increment or decrement operator relative to the variable can affect the order in which operations are performed in an expression. For example:

int x = 5;
int y = ++x * 3; // y is 18, x is 6


int x = 5;
int y = x++ * 3; // y is 15, x is 6

In the first example, the increment operator is placed before the variable, so the value of 'x' is incremented to 6 before it is used in the multiplication. In the second example, the increment operator is placed after the variable, so the value of 'x' is used in the multiplication before it is incremented to 6.

Increment Operator in C

In the C programming language, the increment operator (++) is a unary operator that increments (adds one to) the variable’s value. It is commonly used in loops to count the number of iterations.

Here is an example of how the increment operator can be used in a loop:

int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    printf ("%d\n", i);
}

In this example, the loop will iterate 10 times, starting at 0 and ending at 9. On each iteration, the value of 'i' will be incremented by 1. The output of this code will be the numbers 0 through 9, each on a separate line.

The increment operator can also be used in other expressions, such as:

int x = 5;
x++; // x is now 6
int y = ++x; // y is now 7, x is also 7


int x = 5;
x++; // x is now 6
int y = ++x; // y is now 7, x is also 7

Here is another example of how to use the increment operator in C:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        printf ("i = %d\t", i);
    }
    return 0;
}

The output of this program will be:

i = 0    i = 1    i = 2     i = 3     i = 4     i = 5     i = 6     i = 7      i = 8     i = 9

What is the Pre-Increment Operator in C?

In C, the pre-increment operator (++x) is used to increment the value of a variable by 1 before it is used in an expression. It has higher precedence than the postfix increment operator (x++), which means that it is evaluated before the postfix operator in an expression.

For example, consider the following code:

int x = 5;
int y = ++x;

In this case, the value of ‘y’ will be ‘6’, and the value of ‘x’ will be ‘6’ because the pre-increment operator ‘(++x)’ increments the value of ‘x’ before it is assigned to ‘y’.

On the other hand, if we had used the postfix increment operator (x++) instead, the value of ‘y’ would be ‘5’, find the value of ‘x’ would be ‘6’ because the postfix operator increments the value of ‘x’ after it is used in the expression.

The pre-increment operator can be used in various contexts, such as ops, assignments, and function calls. It is often used to increment a counter variable in a loop, as shown in the following example:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        printf ("i = %d\t", i);
    }


    return 0;
}

The output of this program will be:

i = 0    i = 1    i = 2     i = 3    i = 4     i = 5    i = 6    i = 7    i = 8    i = 9

What is the post-increment operator in the C?

In C, the post-increment operator (x++) is used to increment the value of a variable by 1 after it is used in an expression. It has a lower precedence than the pre-increment operator (++x), which means that it is evaluated after the pre-increment operator in an expression.

For example, consider the following code:

int x = 5;
int y = x++;

In this case, the value of y will be 5, and the value of x will be 6 because the post-increment operator (x++) increments the value of x after it is assigned to y.

On the other hand, if we had used the pre-increment operator (++x) instead, the value of y would be 6, and the value of x would be 6 because the pre-increment operator increments the value of x before it is used in the expression.

The post-increment operator can be used in a variety of contexts, such as in assignments, function calls, and as the loop control variable in a for a loop. It is often used to increment a counter variable in a loop, as shown in the following example:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        printf ("i = %d\t", i);
    }
    return 0;
}

The output of this program will be:

i = 0    i = 1    i = 2    i = 3    i = 4    i = 5     i = 6    i = 7    i = 8    i = 9

This program will print the numbers 0 through 9 using a loop and the post-increment operator. The loop initializes the variable i to 0, and then the post-increment operator (i++) is used to increase the value of i by 1 on each iteration of the loop. The loop will continue until the value of i is no longer less than 10.

What is a Decrement operator in C?

In C, the decrement operator (--) is used to decrease the value of a variable by 1. It can be used in two forms: postfix (x--) and prefix (--x). The difference between the two forms is the order in which the decrement operation is performed. In the postfix form (x--), the value of the variable is decremented after it is used in the expression, while in the prefix form (--x), the value of the variable is decremented before it is used in the expression.

Here is an example of how to use the decrement operator in C:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
    int num = 5;
    printf ("num before decrement: %d\n,” num);
    // Decrement num by 1
    --num;
    Printf ("num after decrement: %d\n", num);
    return 0;
}

The output of this program will be:

num before decrement: 5
num after decrement: 4

The decrement operator can also be used in loops, as shown in the following example:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
    int i;
    for (i = 10; i > 0; --i) {
        printf ("i = %d\n", i);
    }
    return 0;
}

The output of this program will be:

i = 10    i = 9     i = 8     i = 7     i = 6     i = 5     i = 4     i = 3     i = 2     i = 1

This program will print the numbers 10 through 1 using a loop and the decrement operator. The loop initializes the variable i to 10, and then the decrement operator (--i) is used to decrease the value of i by 1 on each iteration of the loop. The loop will continue until the value of i is no longer greater than 0.

What is a Pre-Decrement Operator?

In the C programming language, the pre-decrement operator is represented by the double dash symbol "--.” It is used to decrease the value of a variable by one before using it in an expression.

Here is an example of how the pre-decrement operator can be used:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int x = 5;
    int y;
    y = --x;
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
    return 0;
}

Output:

x = 4, y = 4

In this example, the value of 'x' is decremented by one before it is assigned to 'y'. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '4', and the value of 'x' will also be '4'.

It's important to note that the pre-decrement operator has a higher precedence than the assignment operator, so the decrement operation is performed before the assignment. This means that the value of 'x' is decremented, and then that new value is assigned to 'y'.

The pre-decrement operator can be used with any variable that can be decremented, such as integers and pointers. It is often used in loops and other control structures to modify the loop counter or to point to a different location in an array.

What is a post-decrement operator in C?

In the C programming language, the post-decrement operator is represented by the double dash symbol "--.” It is used to decrease the value of a variable by one after using it in an expression.

Here is an example of how the post-decrement operator can be used:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int x = 5;
    int y;
    y = x--;
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
    return 0;
}

Output:

x = 4, y = 5

In this example, the value of 'x' is assigned to 'y', and then the value of 'x' is decremented by one. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '5', and the value of 'x' will be '4'.

It's important to note that the post-decrement operator has a lower precedence than the assignment operator, so the assignment operation is performed before the decrement. This means that the value of 'x' is assigned to 'y', and then the value of 'x' is decremented.

The post-decrement operator can be used with any variable that can be decremented, such as integers and pointers. It is often used in loops and other control structures to modify the loop counter or to point to a different location in an array.

All the Operation of Increment and Decrement Operator in C Language?

In the C programming language, the increment operator (++) and the decrement operator (--) are used to increase and decreasing the value of a variable by one, respectively. Both operators can be used in either a pre-increment/decrement or post-increment/decrement form.

Below is an example of how the increment and decrement operators can be used:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int x = 5;
    int y;


    y = ++x;  // Pre-increment
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\t", x, y);


    x = 5;
    y = x++;  // Post-increment
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\t", x, y);


    x = 5;
    y = --x;  // Pre-decrement
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\t", x, y);


    x = 5;
    y = x--;  // Post-decrement
    printf ("x = %d, y = %d\t", x, y);
    return 0;
}

Output:  

x = 6, y = 6        x = 6, y = 5         x = 4, y = 4         x = 4, y = 5

In the first case, the pre-increment operator is used, which increases the value of 'x' by one before it is assigned to 'y'. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '6', and the value of 'x' will also be '6'.

In the second case, the post-increment operator is used, which increases the value of 'x' by one after it is assigned to 'y'. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '5', and the value of 'x' will be '6'.

In the third case, the pre-decrement operator is used, which decreases the value of 'x' by one before it is assigned to 'y'. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '4', and the value of 'x' will also be '4'.

In the fourth case, the post-decrement operator is used, which decreases the value of 'x' by one after it is assigned to 'y'. As a result, the value of 'y' will be '5', and the value of 'x' will be '4'.

It's important to note that the pre-increment/decrement operators have a higher precedence than the assignment operator, so the increment/decrement operation is performed before the assignment. On the other hand, the post-increment/decrement operators have a lower precedence, so the assignment operation is performed before the increment/decrement.

Here are some key points to consider when using the increment and decrement operators in C language:

1. The increment operator (++) increases the value of a variable by one, while the decrement operator (--) decreases the value of a variable by one.

2. The increment and decrement operators can be used with any variable that can be incremented or decremented, such as integers and pointers.

3. The pre-increment/decrement operators have a higher precedence than the assignment operator, so the increment/decrement operation is performed before the assignment. The post-increment/decrement operators have a lower precedence, so the assignment operation is performed before the increment/decrement.

4. The increment and decrement operators can be used as part of a larger expression, but they have the side effect of modifying the value of the variable they operate on.

5. It's important to be mindful of the order of operations when using the increment and decrement operators, especially in conjunction with other operators.

6. The increment and decrement operators are often used in loops and other control structures to modify the loop counter or to point to a different location in an array.

7. The increment and decrement operators can be used with pointers to move to the next or previous element in an array.

Here is an example of how the increment and decrement operators can be used with pointers:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    int *ptr = arr;  // Point to the first element of the array


    // Print the elements of the array using post-increment
    printf("%d ", *ptr++);  // Prints 1
    printf("%d ", *ptr++);  // Prints 2
    printf("%d ", *ptr++);  // Prints 3
    printf("%d ", *ptr++);  // Prints 4
    printf("%d\n", *ptr++);  // Prints 5


    ptr = arr;  // Reset the pointer to the first element of the array


    // Print the elements of the array using pre-increment
    Printf ("%d ", *++ptr);  // Prints 2
    Printf ("%d ", *++ptr);  // Prints 3
    Printf ("%d ", *++ptr);  // Prints 4
    printf ("%d ", *++ptr);  // Prints 5
    printf ("%d\n", *++ptr);  // Prints 6 (out of bounds)


    return 0;
}

Output

1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 32766

In this example, the pointer ptr is used to iterate through the elements of the array arr. The post-increment operator is used to print the elements of the array and move the pointer to the next element after each print. The pre-increment operator is then used to print the elements of the array, starting from the second element, and move the pointer to the next element before each print.