Operating System Tutorial

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Differences

Difference Between Multi-programming and Multitasking Difference between C-LOOK and C-SCAN Difference between Rotational Latency and Disk Assess Time Trap vs Interrupt Difference between C-SCAN and SSTF Difference between SCAN and FCFS Difference between Seek Time and Disk Access Time Difference between SSTF and LOOK Difference between Process and Program in the Operating System Difference between Protection and Security in Operating System

How To

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Questions

What is Kernel and Types of Kernel What is DOS Operating System What is Thread and Types of Thread What is Process Scheduler and Process Queue What is Context Switching What is CPU Scheduling What is Producer-Consumer Problem What is Semaphore in Operating System Monitors in Operating System What is Deadlock What is Paging and Segmentation What is Demand Paging What is Virtual Memory What is a Long term Scheduler What is Page Replacement in Operating System What is BSR Mode What is Convoy Effect What is Job Sequencing in Operating System Why is it critical for the Scheduler to distinguish between I/O-bound and CPU-bound programs Why is there a Need for an Operating System

Misc

Process Management Process State Scheduling Algorithm FCFS (First-come-First-Serve) Scheduling SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling Round-Robin CPU Scheduling Priority Based Scheduling HRRN (Highest Response Ratio Next) Scheduling Process Synchronization Lock Variable Mechanism TSL Mechanism Turn Variable Mechanism Interested Variable Mechanism Deadlock Avoidance Strategies for Handling Deadlock Deadlock Prevention Deadlock Detection and Recovery Resource Allocation Graph Banker’s Algorithm in Operating System Fixed Partitioning and Dynamic Partitioning Partitioning Algorithms Disk Scheduling Algorithms FCFS and SSTF Disk Scheduling Algorithm SCAN and C-SCAN Disk Scheduling Algorithm Look and C-Look Disk Scheduling Algorithm File in Operating System File Access Methods in Operating System File Allocation Method Directory Structure in Operating System N-Step-SCAN Disk Scheduling Feedback Queue in Operating System Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Real-time Operating System Starvation in Operating System Thrashing in Operating System 5 Goals of Operating System Advantages of Operating System Advantages of UNIX Operating System Bit Vector in Operating System Booting Process in Operating System Can a Computer Run Without the Operating System Dining Philosophers Problem in Operating System Free Space Management in Operating System Inter Process Communication in Operating System Swapping in Operating System Memory Management in Operating System Multiprogramming Operating System Multitasking Operating Systems Multi-user Operating Systems Non-Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Page Table in Operating System Process Scheduling in Operating System Segmentation in Operating System Simple Structure in Operating System Single-User Operating System Two Phase Locking Protocol Advantages and Disadvantages of Operating System Arithmetic operations in binary number system Assemblers in the operating system Bakery Algorithm in Operating System Benefits of Ubuntu Operating System CPU Scheduling Criteria in Operating System Critical Section in Operating System Device Management in Operating System Linux Scheduler in Operating System Long Term Scheduler in Operating System Mutex in Operating System Operating System Failure Peterson's Solution in Operating System Privileged and Non-Privileged Instructions in Operating System Swapping in Operating System Types of Operating System Zombie and Orphan Process in Operating System 62-bit operating system Advantages and Disadvantages of Batch Operating System Boot Block and Bad Block in Operating System Contiguous and Non - Contiguous Memory Allocation in Operating System Control and Distribution Systems in Operations Management Control Program in Operating System Convergent Technologies in Operating System Convoy Effect in Operating System Copy Operating Systems to SSD Core Components of Operating System Core of UNIX Operating System Correct Value to return to the Operating System Corrupted Operating System Cos is Smart Card Operating System Cosmos Operating Systems Examples Generation of Operating System Hardware Solution in Operating System Process Control Block in Operating System Function of Kernel in Operating System Operating System Layers History of Debian Operating Systems Branches and Architecture of Debian Operating Systems Features and Packages of Debian Operating Systems Installation of Operating System on a New PC Organizational Structure and Development in Debian Operating Systems User Interface in Operating System Types Of Memory in OS Operating System in Nokia Multilevel Paging in OS Memory Mapping Techniques in OS Memory Layout of a Process in Operating System Hardware Protection in Operating System Functions of File Management in Operating System Core of Linux Operating System Cache Replacement Policy in Operating System Cache Line and Cache Size in Operating System What is Memory Mapping? Difference Between Network Operating System And Distributed Operating System What is the difference between a Hard link and a Soft Link? Principles of Preemptive Scheduling Process Scheduling Algorithms What is NOS? What is the Interrupt I/O Process? What is Time Sharing OS What is process termination? What is Time-Sharing Operating System What is Batch File File system manipulation What is Message-passing Technique in OS Logical Clock in Distributed System

Partitioning Algorithms

Partitioning Algorithms

There are various types of Partitioning Algorithm:

  1. First-Fit Algorithm
  2. Next-Fit Algorithm
  3. Best-Fit Algorithm
  4. Worst-Fit Algorithm
  5. Quick-Fit Algorithm

1. First-Fit Algorithm: - In the First-Fit Partitioning algorithm, first, the linked list is scan, and when it finds the first hole which is able to store a process, then scanning is stopped, and we put or load the process into the hole.

In the First-Fit algorithm, there are two partitions. One partition is a hole, and the second partition is used to store the process.

In this algorithm, we have a linked list, and the linked list is maintained on the basis of increasing order of the starting index. The First-Fit algorithm is the easiest type of algorithm among all the algorithms, which we use for partitioning, and it generates a bigger hole.

2. Next-Fit Algorithm: - The Next-Fit algorithm is the same as the First-Fit algorithm, but in the Next-Fit algorithm, the linked list is a scan from the node where it earlier allocated a hole.

In Next-Fit, the entire linked list is not scanned; the linked list is scanned from the next node. As a result, the possibility of finding the hole is more in the remaining part of the list. Thus, it is concluded that First-Fit is better than the Next-Fit. Therefore Next-Fit is rarely used.

3. Best-Fit Algorithm: - In the Best-Fit Algorithm, among all the holes, we find the smallest one so that the size of a process requirement can be accommodated.

Disadvantages of the Best-fit algorithm are:

  1. Best-Fit Algorithm is not the fastest algorithm, and the reason behind that is every time we have to scan the whole list so that the smallest hole can be found that can fulfill the process requirement.
  2. Because the difference between the size of the hole and the size of the process is so small so, the hole which will be produced will also be small, and we cannot use this hole to load any other process. Thus, the hole remains useless. So, Best-Fit is not the best partitioning algorithm among all the algorithms.

4. Worst-Fit Algorithm: - In Worst-Fit Algorithm, every time the whole list is scanned so that the biggest hole can be found that can complete the requirement of the process. Worst-Fit Algorithm generates large holes so that the other processes can be loaded. But despite that, this algorithm is not a suitable approach, and the reason behind that is it is slow because in this algorithm, the entire list is searched again and again.

5. Quick-Fit Algorithm: - In Quick-Fit Algorithm, we maintain a various list related to the size which is frequently used. But practically it is not suggestible. And the reason for that is for this procedure, more time is required to create various lists, and expending the holes to load the process is also a time-consuming task.

Among all the algorithms, the First-Fit algorithm is the best because:

  1. The First-Fit algorithm is easy to implement.
  2. As compared to other algorithms, the First-Fit algorithm takes less time.
  3. The holes produced by the First-Fit algorithm are more prominent, which are helpful to load the other processes later.