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Stop And Wait Protocol in Computer Networks
2023-04-03 00:50:32

Stop And Wait Protocol in Computer Networks

A communication technique called Stop-and-Wait is employed in computer networks to guarantee trustworthy data flow between two devices. In this protocol, the sender transmits a data packet to the receiver and then waits for the recipient to deliver an acknowledgement (ACK) message confirming that the packet was successfully received. After receiving the packet, the receiver examines it for faults, notifies the sender with an ACK message, and then waits for the subsequent packet.

Procedure of Stop and Wait Protocol

  • A data packet is sent from the sender to the recipient.
  • The sender then waits for the recipient to deliver an ACK message confirming successful packet reception
  • If the sender receives an ACK message, it sends the next packet.
  • If the sender does not receive an ACK message within a specified time, it retransmits the packet.
  • The receiver, upon receiving the packet, checks it for errors and sends an ACK message to the sender.
  • The receiver then waits for the next packet.

Advantages of the Stop and Wait Protocol

  • Ease of Use: The stop-and-wait strategy is straightforward to use and comprehend. This makes it a well-liked option for straightforward applications where dependability is crucial.
  • Error detection: The stop-and-wait protocol has the ability to identify data transmission mistakes like corrupted or lost packets. The sender can resend the packet if an error is found.
  • Flow control: The stop-and-wait protocol uses a feedback mechanism to control the flow of data. The receiver sends an acknowledgment (ACK) to the sender after receiving each packet, which allows the sender to know when to send the next packet.
  • Efficiency: The stop-and-wait protocol can be efficient in low-bandwidth, high-latency networks because it ensures that the receiver has successfully received each packet before sending the next one.
  • Suitability for point-to-point communication: The stop-and-wait protocol is well-suited for point-to-point communication, where there is a single sender and receiver. It may not be as effective in situations when there are multiple senders and receivers or when data needs to be transmitted over long distances.

Disadvantages of Stop and Wait Protocol

  • Low efficiency: The stop-and-wait protocol is not very efficient for high-bandwidth networks because it requires a lot of time for the receiver to send the ACK message and for the sender to wait for it before sending the next packet. This can result in a low throughput of data transmission.
  • Low utilization of network resources: Because the sender can only transmit one packet at a time and must wait for the ACK message before sending the next packet, the network resources are not fully utilized. This can lead to a waste of network capacity.
  • Limited scalability: The stop-and-wait protocol is not scalable to networks with multiple senders and receivers. Each sender would need to wait for its turn to transmit data, which can result in a significant delay in data transmission.
  • Increased network latency: The stop-and-wait protocol can increase network latency because the sender must wait for an ACK message after each packet is sent. This can result in increased delay times, which can negatively affect real-time applications such as video and voice transmission.
  • Inefficient for long-distance communication: The stop-and-wait protocol is not efficient for long-distance communication because of the time delay in transmitting packets and waiting for the ACK message. This can result in a significant increase in the overall transmission time.

Importance of Stop and Wait Protocol

  • The Stop-and-Wait protocol is a reliable protocol that ensures that data is transmitted correctly and completely. This is important for many applications, including file transfers, messaging, and real-time communication.
  • The Stop-and-Wait protocol is compatible with many different types of networks and devices, making it a versatile protocol that can be used in a variety of settings.

Uses of Stop and Wait Protocol

  • Point-to-point communication: Stop and Wait protocol is used for point-to-point communication, which involves two devices communicating with each other directly.
  • Low-speed communication: The Stop and Wait protocol is commonly used in low-speed communication channels, where the transmission rate is slow, and the probability of errors is high.
  • Simple implementation: Stop and Wait protocol is relatively easy to implement, which makes it ideal for applications with limited processing power or memory resources.
  • Reliable data transfer: Stop and Wait protocol ensures reliable data transfer by ensuring that each packet is received and acknowledged before the next packet is transmitted. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment within a specified time, it resends the packet.
  • Flow control: Stop and Wait protocol is used for flow control, which ensures that data is transmitted at a rate that the receiver can handle, preventing data loss or overflow.
  • Error control: Stop and Wait protocol is also used for error control, which detects and corrects transmission errors. If the receiver detects an error in a packet, it requests the sender to retransmit the packet.
  • Wireless networks: The Stop and Wait protocol is commonly used in wireless networks, where the probability of packet loss due to signal interference is high.

The Stop-and-Wait protocol is a simple and reliable protocol that can detect errors in the transmission of data and prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed with too much data. However, it is not very efficient for high-bandwidth networks and may result in a waste of network capacity. Additionally, it is not suitable for networks with multiple senders and receivers, as each sender would need to wait for its turn to transmit data, resulting in a significant delay in data transmission.