C++ operator

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An operator is specially a symbol that tells compiler to perform specific manipulation. C++ contains various different types of operators.

Types of C++ Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Logical Operators
• Relational Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Misc. Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operation such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/) etc.

Let’s assume two variables A and B containing value 5 and 10 respectively, performs following arithmetic operations.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Add operation	A+B gives 15
–	Subtract second operand from first	A-B gives -5
*	Multiply operand	A*B gives 50
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator	B/A gives 2
%	Modulus operation	B%A gives 0

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check condition between operands such as AND (&&), OR (||) and NOT (!).

AND (&&) Operator

&& operator returns true value if all operand are true else it returns false.

A	B	A&&B
1	1	1
1	0	0
0	1	0
0	0	0

OR (||) Operator

|| operator returns true value if any one operand are true else it returns false.

A	B	A||B
1	1	1
1	0	1
0	1	1
0	0	0

NOT (!) Operator

! operator returns inverse result. If condition is true it returns false and if condition is false it returns true.

A	!A
1	0
0	1

Relational Operators

Relational operator shows the relation and compare between operands. Following are the different relational operations.

Let’s assume two variables A and B containing value 5 and 10 respectively, performs following relational operations.

Operator	Description	Example
==	Check equality of both operands	(A==B) false
!=	Check first operand is not equal to second	(A!=B) true
<	Check first operand is less than second	(A<B) true
>	Check first operand is greater than second	(A>B) false
<=	Check first operand is less or equal to second	(A<=B) true
>=	Check first operand is greater or equal to second	(A>=B)false

Assignment Operators (=)

Assignment operator “=” assigns a value to another variable. The assignment of value takes from right to left.

Operator	Description	Example
=	It simply assigns a value to variable	A = 5;
+=	Add and assign	A += B; is equivalent to A=A+B;
-=	Subtract and assign	A -= B; is equivalent to A=A-B;
*=	Multiply and assign	A *=B; is equivalent to A=A*B;
/=	Divide and assign	A /=B; is equivalent to A=A/B;

Bitwise Operator

Bitwise operator works on bit. It is used to change individual bits into a number. Bitwise operators modify variable according to bit patterns. Following are the different bitwise operators:

Operator	Description
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR
~	Bitwise NOT
<<	Bitwise left shift
>>	Bitwise right shift

Misc Operators

Some other misc. operators are:

Operators	Description
sizeof	sizeof operator
,	Comma operator
cast	Type cast operator
Condition ? A : B	Conditional operator
&	Pointer Operator
*	Pointer Operator

Precedence of C++ Operators

The precedence of operator determines the sequence of operator to evaluate first. The higher precedence operator evaluate first and next.

For example a statement x = 5 + 6 * 2; gives 17 not 22. This expression perform multiplication (*) operation first then addition (+), as multiplication precedence is higher than addition.

Following table describe precedence of different operator.

Category	Operator	Associativity
Postfix	() [] -> . ++ —	Left to right
Unary	+ – ! ~ ++ – – (type)* & sizeof	Right to left
Multiplicative	* / %	Left to right
Additive	+ –	Left to right
Shift	<< >>	Left to right
Relational	< <= > >=	Left to right
Equality	== !=	Left to right
Bitwise AND	&	Left to right
Bitwise XOR	^	Left to right
Bitwise OR	|	Left to right
Logical AND	&&	Left to right
Logical OR	||	Left to right
Conditional	?:	Right to left
Assignment	= += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |=	Right to left
Comma	,	Left to right

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