C++ Tutorial index

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C++ Control Statements

C++ If C++ Nested if C++ If-else C++ If-else-if C++ Switch C++ Break C++ Continue C++ Goto C++ for loop C++ While loop C++ Do while loop

C++ functions

function in C++ C++ Call by Value C++ Call by Reference C++ Recursion function C++ inline function C++ Friend function C++ Friend functions function Pointer in C++ Sizeof() Operators in C++ C++ Math functions swap() function in C++ rand() and srand() in C / C++ wcscpy(), wcslen(), wcscmp() functions in C++ sort() function in C++ C++ vardiac() function System() function in C++ Fread function in C++ Programming Fscanf function in The C++ Gmtime function in C/C++ abs() function in C++ Sleep function in C++ Stoi function in C++ String erase() in C++ String Trim in C++ isprint() function in c++ is_trivial function in C++ div() function in C++ Set insert function in C++ rint(), rintf(), rintl() in C++ String append() function in C++ String push_back() in C++ String replace() in C++ Transform function in C++ exit() and _Exit() in C and C++ Std partition_point in C++ unique() in C++ ctime() function in C++ Gets() and Puts() in C++ Hypot(), hypotf() and hypotl() in C++ Log function in C++ Nearbyint() function in C++ setf() function in C++ Fill Function in C++ Map Find Function in C++ Malloc and Calloc in C++ Operator Function in C++ cin.get() in C++ seekp() Function in C++ eof() Function in C++ Emplace Back in C++ C++ macro function C_str in C++ Clock() in C/C++ round() function in C++ scalbn() function in C++ Stable Sort function in C++ Rotate in C++ Std:: Sort_heap in C++ Std::includes() in C++ STL std::memset() function in C++ Wcscmp() function in C++ Static Member function in C++ atof() function in C++ C++ Sin() function with Example cin.ignore() function in C++ Member function in C++ Pop_front Vector in C++ Vector resize() in C++ Malloc() and new in C++ std::distance in C++ C++ Date and Time fork() in C++ std::min in C++ isprint() in C++ rdbuf() in C++ fixed() Function in C++ setw() in C++ seekg() Function in C++ isdigit() Function in C++

C++ Function Miscellaneous

Precision of floating point numbers Using these functions floor(), ceil(), trunc(), round() and setprecision() in C++ function overloading in C++ Add two numbers using the function in C++ Advantage and disadvantage friend function C++ ATM machine program in C++ using functions Returning Multiple Values from a function using Tuple and Pair in C++ Find the Size of Array in C/C++ without using sizeof() function Pure Virtual function in C++ With Example Program Returning a function Pointer from a function in C/C++ Passing a Vector to a function in C++ functions in C++ With Types and Examples C++ Macro function Example Using Default Arguments with Virtual functions Virtual functions and Runtime Polymorphism Fesetround() and Fegetround() in C++ and their application Object as function Argument in C++ Private Member function in C++ Function Overriding in C++ C++ Program for Addition of Two Numbers Using functions function Object in C++ Elements of User Defined function in C++ Inline Functions in C++ Virtual Function in C++

C++ Arrays

Single dimension array Two dimension array

C++ Strings

C++ Strings

C++ Inheritance

C++ inheritance Single level inheritance Multilevel inheritance Multiple inheritance Hierarchical inheritance Hybrid inheritance

C++ Polymorphism

C++ Polymorphism C++ Overloading C++ Overriding C++ Virtual function

C++ Pointers

C++ Pointers C++ this pointer

C++ Exception Handling

C++ Exception Handling

C++ Constructors

C++ Constructors Default Constructor Parameterize Constructor Copy constructor Constructor Overloading Destructor

C++ File Handling

C++ File Handling C++ Writing to file C++ Reading file C++ Close file

C++ Programs

Structure of C++ Program Hello World Program in C++ C++ Program to Implement Shell Sort C++ Program to Implement Merge Sort C++ program to read string using cin.getline() C ++ Program: Alphabet Triangle and Number Triangle C++ Program: Matrix Multiplication C++ Program to Print Fibonacci Triangle C++ Program to find the product array puzzle C++ Program To Find Largest Subarray With 0 Sum C++ Program To Move All Zeros To The End of The Array C++ Program to find the element that occurs once C++ Program to find the largest number formed from an array Palindrome Number Program in C++ LCM Program in C++ Armstrong Number Program in C++ Factorial Program in C++ C++ Prime number program Program to convert infix to postfix expression in C++ Programs to Print Pyramid Patterns in C++ Array program in C++ Pattern programs in C++ Leap Year Program in C++ C++ Program for FCFS Depth First Search Program to Traverse a Graph in C++ inheritance Program in C++ Program that produces different results in C and C++ Example Program in C++ for input and Output Calculator Program using Switch in C++ Program for COPY Constructor in C++ Bank Program in C++ Anagram Program in C++

C++ Operators

Unary Operators in C++ Delete Operator in C++ C++ Bitwise XOR Operator Binary Operator Overloading in C++ Scope Resolution Operator in C++ C++ Ternary Operator New Operator in C++ Overloading array index operator in C++ Operator overloading in C++ Operators that cannot be overloaded in C++ Default Assignment Operator and References in C++ Conversion Operator in C++ Unary Operator Overloading in C++ Benefits of Operator Overloading in C++ Assignment Operator Overloading in C++ New and Delete Operator in C++ Insertion Operator in C++ Increment Operator in C++ Bitwise Operator in C++

C++ Examples

C++ Programming Examples While Loop Examples in C++ for Loop Examples in C++ Do-While Loop Examples in C++ SDL library in C++ with Examples C++ tcp client server example C++ tcp server example TCP Client Server Example in C++ Example of Parameterized Constructor in C++ Example of User Defined Data Type in C++

C++ Differences

C Vs C++ free() vs delete() in C++ Constructor Vs Destructor Passing by Reference Vs. Passing by the pointer in C++ C++ vs C# Structure Vs Class in C++ Virtual function Vs Pure Virtual function Structure Vs Class in C++ Exception Handling in C++ vs Java Static keyword in C++ vs Java inheritance in C++ vs Java C++ 11 vs C++ 14 vs C++ 17 Templates in C++ vs Generics in Java Bitwise Operator vs Logical Operator Type difference of Character literals in C VS C++ Copy Constructor vs Assignment Operator in C++ Map vs unordered_map in C++ Differences between #define & const in C/C++ Differences Between C Structures and C++ Structures Difference between Two Sets in C++ Difference between Exit and Return Differences between Local and Global Variable Difference between OOP and POP in C++ Difference between exit() and _Exit() in C++ Difference between int main() and int main(void) in C/C++ Difference Between Overloading and Overriding in C++ std::set_symmetric_difference in C++ Difference between Private and Protected in C++ Difference Between Encapsulation and Abstraction in C++ Difference between Template and Macro in C++ Difference between Abstraction and Interface in C++ Differences Between C++ and Javascript

How To

How to concatenate two strings in C++ How to Reverse a String in C++ using Do-While Loop How to Reverse a String in C++ using for Loop How to Reverse a String in C++ using While Loop How to create a table in C++ How to Setup Environment for C++ Programming on Mac How to call a void function in C++ How to create a directory or folder in C/C++ How to create a library in C++ How to create a stack in C++ How to create the Processes with fork in C++ How to Handle Divide by Zero Exception in C++ How to Declare Unordered Sets in C++ How to Sort an Array in C++ How to run program in turbo c++ How to Use Getline in C++ How is Multiset Implemented in C++ How to Build a Program in C++ How to Declare a 2d Array Dynamically in C++ How to create a button in C++ How the value is passed in C++ How to calculate size of string in C++ How to convert binary string to int in C++ How to convert string to float in C++ How to remove space from string in C++ How to use pair in C++ How to use the string find() in C++ How to Remove an Element From an Array in C++ How to Take Space Separated input in C++ How to Copy in Turbo C++ How to Use Pow in C++ How to Use Set in C++ How to Create Singleton Class in C++ How to Allocate Memory Dynamically in C++ How to Close Turbo C++ in Windows 10 How to Use Modulus in C++

C++ Questions

What does Buffer Flush mean in C++ What is endl in C++ What is Unary Operator Overloading in C++ Which operators cannot be overloaded in C++ What is Static Member function in C++ What is This Pointer in C++ What is Upcasting in C++ What Kind of Exceptions Are Available in C++ What is Memory Allocation for Objects in C++ What is a Linked List in C++ is assignment operator inherited in C++ When should we write own Assignment operator in C++ What is an Object in C++ What is Copy Constructor in C++ What is a Static Member Function in C++

C++ Interview Questions

Advanced C++ interview Questions Oops Interview Questions in C++

Miscellaneous

External merge sort in C++ Remove duplicates from sorted array in C++ C++ References C++ Mutable keyword initialize Array of objects with parameterized constructors in C++ Storage Classes in C goto statement in C and C++ C++ String Concatenation Heap Sort in C++ Swap numbers in C++ input Iterators in C++ Fibonacci Series in C++ Stack in C++ Maps in C++ Queue in C++ C++ Bitset C++ Algorithms Priority Queue in C++ C++ Multimap C++ Deque C++ array of Pointers Timsort Implementation Using C++ CPP Templates C++ Aggregation C++ Enumeration C++ Object Class C++ Queue initialize Vector in C++ Vector in C++ C++ STL Components C++ Maximum index Problem C++ find missing in the second array C++ Namespaces C++ OOPs Concept C++ Static C++ Structs C++ Try-Catch C++ User Defined Exceptions C++ Virtual Destructor Snake Code in C++ Splitting a string in C++ C++ Bidirectional Iterators C++ forward Iterators C++ Iterators C++ Output Iterators C++ Range-based for Loop Converting string into integer in C++ Type conversion in C++ Binary to Decimal in C++ Bit Manipulation in C++ C++ Constructor C++ Dijkstra Algorithm Using the Priority Queue C++ int into String C++ Signal Handling Decimal to Binary in C++ Decimal to Hexadecimal in C++ Decimal to Octal in C++ Hexadecimal to Decimal in C++ Octal to Decimal in C++ Reverse a Number in C++ C++ forward Iterators C++ Output Iterators Char Array to String in C++ Constructor Overloading in C++ Default arguments in C++ Different Ways to Compare Strings in C++ Dynamic Binding in C++ SET Data Structure in C++ Upcasting and Downcasting in C++ Reverse an Array in C++ Fast input and Output in C++ Copy elision in C++ Array of sets in C++ Binary Search in C++ Implementing the sets without C++ STL containers Smart pointers in C++ Types of polymorphism in C++ Const Keyword in C++ Type Casting in C++ Stringstream in C++ and its applications C++ Scope of Variables Star pattern in C++ using for Loops Top 5 IDEs for C++ That You Should Try Once Assertions in C/C++ C++ Convert int to String Continue in C++ While loop Diamond Pattern in C++ using for Loop infinite loop in C++ Loops in C++ Auto keyword in C++ C++ STL (Standard Template Library) Divide by Zero Exception in C++ Dynamic Constructor in C++ Dynamic Memory Allocation in C++ Floating Point Operations and Associativity in C, C++ and Java Implementation of a Falling Matrix in C++ Message Passing in C++ Pointer to Object in C++ Ways to Copy a Vector in C++ Structure Sorting (By Multiple Rules) in C++ Similarities between C++ and Java C++ Tricks for Competitive Programming Desired Capabilities in Selenium Web Driver in C++ Socket Programming in C++ Template Specialization in C++ Classes and Objects in C++ Convex hull Algorithm in C++ DES in C++ Structured Binding in C++ Functors in C++ Lambda Expression in C++ Roadmap to C++ Programming Substring in C++ Virtual base class in C++ Bits stdc++.h in C++ Top 14 Best Free C++ IDE (Editor & Compiler) for Windows in 2022 Bitmasking in C++ Features of OOPS in C++ Hospital Management Project in C++ include Guards in C++ Iostream in C++ Method overriding in C++ Naming Convention in C++ Nullptr in C++ Object Slicing in C++ Principles of Object-Oriented Programming in C++ Processing strings using std string stream in C++ Random Number Generator in C++ Singleton Design Pattern in C++ Size_t Data Type in C++ Skyline Problem in C++ Web Development in C++ Data Hiding in C++ Hashing in C++ Object in C++ Sum of all Elements between k1’th and k2’th Smallest Elements Virtual class in C++ Vector Size in C++ Top best IDEs for C/C++ Developers in 2022 Tensorflow in C++ Sliding Window Technique in C++ Reverse String Word-Wise in C++ RTTI in C++ Pthreads or POSIX Threads in C++ Reserved Keywords in C++ 10 Best C and C++ Books for Beginners & Advanced Programmers Add two numbers represented by two arrays in C++ Array of Object in C++ Containership in C++ Counting Frequencies of Array Elements in C++ Decltype type Specifier in C++ Dynamic _Cast in C++ Features and Use of Pointers in C/C++ int Max and int Min in C/C++ is It Fine to Write Void Main Or Main in C/C++ Compile Time Polymorphism in C++ Division in C++ Factorial of a Number in C++ using while Loop Multiset in C++ 4 Pillars of OOPs Approach in C++ Backtracking Time Complexity in C++ C++ Global Variable C++ Pipe Tutorial Observer Design Pattern in C++ Private inheritance in C++ Pthread in C++ Parameters Pointers in C++ Abstract Factory Design Pattern in C++ Ascending order in C++ Call by Pointer in C++ Constexpr in C++ Deadlock in C++ Design Patterns in C++ Factory Method for Designing Pattern in C++ Name Mangling and extern in C++ Preventing Object Copy in C++ Quick Sort in C++ Single Handling in C++ Use of inheritance in C++ User-defined literals in C++ Vector methods in C++ Void * in C and C++ Zombie and Orphan Process in C++ List and Vector in C++ List iterators in C++ Merging Two Vectors in C++ Early Binding and Late Binding in C++ Factory Design Pattern in C++ Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm in C++ for Auto in C++ Group anagrams in C++ Dynamic Casting in C++ 2D Vector initialization in C++ C++ GUI Visual Studio C++ IPC C++ Permutation Overloading Stream insertion in C++ Array sum in C++ STL C++ Define Macro C++ Design C++ Factory Pattern Convert String to Uppercase in C++ initializer list in C++ Iterator invalidation in C++ Lower bound in C++ Modulus of Two float numbers or double number Pass by value in C++ Stack size in C++ Unordered_map in C++ Binary String to int C++ Boost C++ Exception handling in constructor and destructor in C++ Explain class template in C++ Kadane Algorithm in C++ Map of Pairs in STL Pair in C++ Access Specifiers in C++ Add Two Numbers in C++ Using Class C++ Socket Programming Windows Cube root in C++ C++ Protected inheritance C++ Return Object Static Data Members in C++ Association in C++ Boost libraries in C++ Automatic Storage Class in C++ C++ Move Constructor Cast in C++ C++ 11 Lambda C++ Multithreading Bottom-up Approach in C++ C++ Static Class C++ Static Member C++ Static Variable C++ Template Class Implementation Kruskals Algorithm in C++ Kth Permutation Sequence in C++ Kth Smallest Element Using Priority Queue in C++ Min Heap in C++ Multilevel inheritance in C++ Playfair Cipher Algorithm in C++ Exception Handling in Java and C++ Sorting in C++ Time and Space Complexity for Loops in C++ Convert Vector To String in C++ Cascading in C++ Control Structure in C++ Passing Object as argument in C++ Vector Pair in C++ String Data Types in C++ Topological Sort in C++ C++ Move Semantics C++ Static Library Linking Call by Value and Call by Reference in C++ Data Structures algorithms and application in C++ Dereferencing a Pointer in C++ Linked List in C++ All Swing Components in C++ anonymous Object in C++ Cerr in C++ Control Flow Statement in C++ cstdlib in C++ Exception Objects in C++ Base Class and Derived Class in C++ Creating A Menu in C++ Escape Sequence in C++ Explicit in C++ int range in C++ Maximum Value in Vector in C++ NPTEL Programming in C++ Shared Pointer in C++ Static Member Function in C++ With Example The Diamond Pattern in C++ Const ptr C++ Const_Cast C++ Area Of Triangle in C++ Array input in C++ Cin String in C++ Coroutine in C++ Gui Design in C++ integer in C++ Advantages and Disadvantages of inheritance in C++ C++ IDE Linux C++ Mini Project With Source Code And Output C++ Variables Types Containers in C++ Dynamic Binding in C++ Explain Access Specifiers in C++ Iomanip in C++ Noexcept in C++ C++ Reference Initializer in C++ Constant Arguments in C++ Vector in C++ Stl Singleton Pattern in C++ Error Handling in C++ C++ Thread Id to Int C Str in C++ C++ Shared Ptr Scope Resolution Operator in C++ C++ Random Number Between 1 and 10 File Opening Mode in C++ New and Delete in C++ Big Integers in C++ Stack Unwinding in C++ C++ Syntax Link Map cbegin() and cend() function in C++ STL Hamming Code Implementation in C++ Files and Streams in C++ Private Destructor in C++ Semaphore in C++ Map Emplace_hint() function in C++ STL Complex Number Program in C++ Meta Classes in C++ C++ Delegates Custom Sort in C++ RAII in C++ Babylonian Square Root Algorithm in C++ File Input and output operation in C++ Sum of Digits of a Number in C++ C++ Type Traits Binary Search Tree Program in C++ Tree in C++ Built in Types in C++ Catch all Exceptions in C++ C++ Template Class Declaration and Definition C++ Generic Programming Introduction Fundamental Data Types in C++ API in C++ Menu Driven Program in C++ Exception Specification in C++ Bit Manipulation in C++ Dynamic Initialization Of Objects in C++ Returning Object from a Function in C++ Class and Structure in C++ Edmonds Karp Algorithm in C++ Flush in C++ Find Substring in C++ Input and Output Operators in C++ Final in C++ Lvalue and Rvalue in C++ C++ Singleton File Stream in C++ Has a Relationship in C++ Character Set in C++ Menu Driven Program in C++ Final Keyword in C++ Associative Containers in C++ Decltype in C++ Insert Function in C++ Metaclass in C++ Move Constructor in C++ Move Semantics in C++

Inheritance Program in C++
2023-01-03 17:34:53

Inheritance Program in C++

What is Inheritance?

Inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit traits and properties from another class. One of the most crucial aspects of Object-Oriented Programming is inheritance.

The ability or process of inheritance allows using properties of one class to other class. The class whose properties are utilized is referred to as the "base class" or "parent class," and the class that uses them is known as the "derived class" or "child class." The derived class is now referred to as having inherited properties from the base class.

When we say that a derived class inherits the base class, we mean that it does so while maintaining all of the base class's properties and having the option to add new features of its own. There will be no impact on the base class from these new features in the derived class. The specialized class for the base class is the derived class.

Subclass or Derived Class: A class that receives properties from another class is referred to as a subclass or derived class.

Super Class: A subclass's base class or superclass is the class from which its properties are inherited.

Inheritance Programs example in C++

Simple Inheritance Programs

1. Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Fine
{
public: void display()
{
cout<<"This display is located inside the first-class section." << endl;
}
};
class good: public Fine
{
public: void show()
{
cout<<"This programme belongs to the second class, which is derived from the parent class." << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Fine x;
x.display();
//x.show();
good y;
y.display();
y.show();
}

Explanation:

  • In above code, we created two classes named Fine and Good. The good class is what we deduced from the fine.
  • We have two functions: one in the base class and one in the derived class.
  • We have declared our objects in the main method for both the parent class and the child class.
  • We attempted to access both the base and derived class methods with the child class object, and both attempts were completely successful.
  • However, as seen in the second result, if we attempt to access a variable or method from a derived class through an object from the base class, we encounter an error.
  • It is clear because derived class methods and variables cannot be accessed by base class objects but vice versa.

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

Multiple inheritance example.

2. Program:

#include <iostream>


using namespace std;


// base class 1


class data_science


{


public:


    void data_science_Marks()


    {


        cout << "The score for data science is 93."<<endl;


    }


}; 


// base class 2


class Programming


{


public: 


    void Programming_Marks()


    {


        cout << "The score for Programming is 87."<<endl;


    }


}; 


// derived class


class output: public data_science, public Programming


{


public:


    void show_Marks()


    {


        // accessing the member functions 


        // of the base classes


       data_science_Marks();


        Programming_Marks();


    }


}; 


int main()


{


    // create an object of the derived class


    output result;
    
    // call displayMarks() function of the derived class 


    result.show_Marks();  


    return 0;


}

Explanation:

  • First, we created 1st Base class named data_science.
  • 1st Base class consists of a public function, "data_science_Marks," which has void data type.
  • After that, we created the 2nd Base class, which name is Programming.
  • 2nd Base class consists of a public function, "Programming_Marks," which has void data type.
  • Then we created a Derived class whose name is "output," and this class inherits "data_science” and “Programming” classes in Public mode.
  • This "output" class consists of the Public member function “show_Marks," which has a void data type.
  • The member functions "data_science_Marks" and "Programming_Marks" of the base classes "data_science" and "Programming," respectively, are accessed by the function "show Marks."
  • In the main() function, the Object "result" is created of the "output" Class.
  • The function “show_Marks" is called by the object "result".

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

Multilevel Inheritance example.

3. Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
Animal ()
{
cout << "This is an Animal" << endl;
}
};
class Reptiles: public Animal
{
public:
Reptiles()
{
cout<<"Reptiles are a class of vertebrates"<<endl;
}
};
class Snake: public Reptiles{
public:
Snake()
{
cout<<"In reptiles, snakes are common."<<endl;
}
};
int main ()
{
Snake obj;
return 0;
}

Explanation:

  • First, we created a Base class whose name is Animal.
  • The base class consists of a Public function Animal(). This function will print a message on the screen "This is an animal".
  • Then we created a derived class named Reptiles, and this class inherits the "Animal” class in public mode.
  • This “Reptiles" class consists of the public member function “Reptiles”. This function will print a message on the screen "Reptiles are a class of vertebrates”.
  • Then we created 2nd derived class, which name is Snake, and this class inherits the "Reptiles" class in public mode.
  • This “Snake" class consists of the public member function "Snake”. This function will print a message on the screen "In reptiles, snakes are common.”.

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

Multiple inheritance example to get the sum of numbers.

4. Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


	class A // 1st base class
	{
protected:
    int Aint;


public:
    void set_Aint(int x)
    {
        Aint = x;
    }
};


class B // 2nd base class
{
protected:
    int Bint;


public:
    void set_Bint(int x)
    {
        Bint = x;
    }
};


class C // 3rd base class
{
protected:
    int Cint;


public:
    void set_Cint(int x)
    {
        Cint = x;
    }
};
class Derived : public A, public B, public C
{
    public: 
        void show(){
            cout << "The value of 1st Base is " << Aint<<endl;
            cout << "The value of 2nd Base is " << Bint<<endl;
            cout << "The value of 3rd Base is " << Cint<<endl;
            cout << "The sum of these values is " << Aint + Bint + Cint << endl;
        }
};
int main()
{
    Derived david;
    david.set_Aint(55);
    david.set_Bint(50);
    david.set_Cint(75);
    david.show();
    
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

  • First, we developed a class called "A" that contains the protected data member integer "Aint".
  • Afterward, a public function called "set Aint" is part of the "A" class. The value of the data member "Aint" will be set by this function.
  • Then, a "B" class was made, which is composed of the protected data member integer "Bint".
  • "set Bint" is a public function that is part of the "B" class. The "Bint" data member will have its value set by this function.
  • A protected data member integer, "Cint," was then established as part of the "C" class.
  • Afterward, a public function called "set Cint" is part of the "C" class. The "Cint" data member will have its value set by this function.
  • Then, in public mode, we built a class called "Derived" that inherits from classes "A," "B," and "C."
  • Then the "Derived" class consists of the public member function "show".
  • Then "show" will first print the values of "Aint," "Bint," and "Cint" separately before printing the sum of all three values.
  • It is obvious that class "Derived" inherits from classes "A," "B," and "C." This is an illustration of multiple inheritances.
  • The "Derived" data type object "david" is then constructed.
  • Then the object "david" calls the function "set Aint" and passes the value "55" to it.
  • The object "david" then calls the function "set Bint," passing the value "50" along with it.
  • After that, the object "david" calls the function "set Cint" and passes the parameter "75" to it.
  • The object "David" then makes a call to the function "show."

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

C++ Program of Hierarchal inheritance.

5. Program:

#include <iostream>


using namespace std;


// base class


class measurement


{


public:


    int length = 9;


    int breadth = 8;


};


// derived class 1


class circumference: public measurement


{


public:


    // print_circumference() function of the derived class 1


    // to print the circumference


    void print_circumference()


    {


        // calculating the perimeter using the 


        // dimensions in the base class.


        cout << "The calculated circumference is: " << 2 * (length + breadth) << endl;


    }


};


// derived class 2


class area: public measurement


{


public:


    // print_area() function of the derived class 2


    // to print the circumference


    void print_area()


    {


        // calculating the area using the 


        // measurement in the base class.


        cout << "The calculated area is: " << (length * breadth) << endl;


    }


};


int main()


{


    // object of the derived class 1


    circumference output1;


    // object of the derived class 2


    area output2;


    // call print_circumference() function of the derived class 1


    output1.print_circumference();


    // call print_area() function of the derived class 2


    output2.print_area();


    return 0;


}

Explanation:

  • First, we created 1st Base class, with name measurement.
  • 1st Base class consists of public data members with integers "length" and "breadth".
  • Then, we created 1st derived class with name "circumference," which inherits the "measurement" class in Public mode.
  • This "circumference" class consists of the Public member function "print_circumference()," which has a void data type.
  • This function will print the calculated circumference of the data member “length” and “breadth”.
  • Then, we created 2nd derived class, with the name "area," and this class inherits the "measurement" class in Public mode.
  • This "area" class consists of the Public member function "print_area()," which has a void data type.
  • This function will print the calculated area of the data member “length” and “breadth”.
  • In the main() function, Object “output1” of the derived class 1st is created, which has a "circumference" data type.
  • Then Object “output2” of the derived class 2nd  is created, which has the "area" data type.
  • The function "print_circumference()" is called by the object "output1".
  • The function "print_area()" is called by the object "output2".

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

C++ program of Hybrid inheritance.

6. Program:

#include <iostream>  


using namespace std;  


class Books // indicates class A  


{  


public:  


Books()  


    {  


cout<< "This is a Book"<<endl;  


    }  


};  


class Programming: public Books // indicates class B derived from class A


{  


public:  


Programming()  


    {  


cout<< "This is a Programming Book"<<endl;  


    }  


};  


class Data_science  // indicates class C


{  


public:  


Data_science()  


    {  


cout<< "This is a Data Science Book"<<endl;  


    }  


};  


class oops: public Programming, public Data_science


 // indicates class D derived from class B and class C


{  


public:  


oops()  


    {  


cout<< "oops is the part of programming"<<endl;  


    }    


};  


int main() {  


    oops x;  


    return 0;  


}  

Explanation:

  • First, we created 1st class, which name is Books.
  • 1st class consists of a public function, "Books". This function will print the message of the book.
  • Then, we created 2nd class, which name is Programming, and this class inherits the "Books" class in Public mode. This indicates that the class "Programming" is derived from the class "Books".
  • Class "Programming" consist of a Public function, "Programming()," and this function will print a message, "This is a Programming Book".
  • Then, we created 3rd class whose name is Data_science.
  • 3rd class consists of a public function, "Data_science()". This function will print the message "This is a Data Science Book".
  • Then we created a 4th class whose name is oops, and this class inherits the "Programming" and "Data_science" classes in Public mode. This indicates that class “oops” is derived from class “Programming” and “Data_science”.
  • Class "oops" consist of a Public function "oops()," and this function will print a message "oops is the part of programming".

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++

C++ Program to demonstrate the Ambiguity Resolution in Inheritance.

7. Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


class A // 1st Base class
{
    public:
        void saket(){
            cout<<"You are looking good"<<endl;
        }
};


class B // 2nd Base class
{
    public:
        void saket()
        {
            cout << "You are intelligent" << endl;
        }
};




class Derived : public A, public B
{
   int x;
   public:
    void saket(){
        B :: saket();
    }
};


int main()
{
  // Ambibuity 
  
     A Aobj;
     B Bobj;
     Aobj.saket();
     Bobj.saket();
     Derived y;
     y.saket();


    return 0;
}

Explanation:

  • We have created a “A” class which consists of public member function “saket”. The function “saket” will print “You are looking good”
  • We have created a “B” class which consists of public member function “saket”. The function “saket” will print “You are intelligent”
  • We have created a "Derived" class that inherits "A" and "B" classes. The "Derived" class consists of public member function "saket”.
  • As a result of the usage of a scope resolution operator to inform the compiler which function to execute in the absence of ambiguity, the function "saket" will execute the "saket" function of the "B" class.
  • The "A" data type object "Aobj" is created.
  • The "B" data type object "Bobj" is created.
  • The object "Aobj" calls the function "saket".
  • The object "Bobj" calls the function "saket".
  • The "Derived" data type is used to generate the object "y."
  • The object "y" calls the function "saket."
  • The most important thing to take away from this is that the "saket" function of the "B" class will be invoked when the object "y" calls the function "saket," as we stated it using the scope resolution operator "::" to eliminate ambiguity.

Program Output:

Inheritance Program in C++