Comma Operator Overloading in C++
Operator overloading, also known as operator spontaneous variability, is a type of flexibility in programming for computers in which the execution of an operator varies based on its parameters. Generally speaking, a language for programming, a developer, or both creates an overloading of operators.
Operator Overloading in C++ allows us to overload the comma operator. As an illustration, The word "and" serves as the comma in the sentence "Post the request X to the service Y and store the outcome in variable Z." When just a single expression is required, the comma operator (, ) can be employed to separate any number of included phrases. Usually, the highest-ranking expression is taken into consideration while solving the collection of equations for the operands.
Justification:
An operatorThe overloaded operator, often known as syntactic sugar, is employed in computing to enable the use of syntax closer to the domain of interest and to provide types defined by users with a syntactic supporting degree comparable to that of language-built kinds. It is frequently used, for instance, in computational science, because it makes it possible to edit computer illustrations of math ideas using the same syntax as off-papers.
Since the overloading of operators may be mimicked with calls to function, it does not affect the language's ability to express when it comes to procedures. Take constants x, y, and z, for instance, of a user-defined kind (matrices, for instance):
x + y * z
Following is a brief method to write in a programming language that allows the operator being overloaded under the standard hypothesis that the '*' operator has more importance compared to the '+' operator:
Add(x, Multiply(y, z))
For Instance:
x = (y = 8, y + 2) is the input.
Result: x = 10 and y = 8.
Justification:
In the statement above:
- It would initially set y's number to 8, then set variables x's numerical value to y + 2.
- Therefore, integer "y" would retain the amount 10 in the final position, but variable "x" would have the number 10.
Considerations for Overloading Operators:
- Incoming operators are unable to be overloaded, but current ones are limited to being overloaded once.
- A minimum of a single operand of the defined by users type of data is present in the overload operators.
- Certain operations cannot be overloaded using the companion function. That being said, those operators can be overloaded using the member's function.
- Whenever unary operators become overloaded via an accompanying function, they require one argument; however, when an associated operation has overridden them, they require no specified parameters.
- One explicit parameter is required when binary operators receive overloading via the member operation, and two clear parameters are required when overridden via a friend method.
Example Code:
Overloading the Comma Operator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class comma {
int x, y;
public:
comma() {}
comma(int X, int Y)
{
x = X;
y = Y;
}
void display()
{
cout << "x=" << x << " ";
cout << "y=" << y << " ";
}
comma operator+(comma ob2);
comma operator, (comma ob2);
};
comma comma::operator+(comma ob2)
{
comma temp;
temp.x = ob2.x + x;
temp.y = ob2.y + y;
return temp;
}
comma comma::operator, (comma ob2)
{
comma temp;
temp.x = ob2.x;
temp.y = ob2.y;
cout << "x=" << ob2.x << " "
<< "y=" << ob2.y << endl;
return temp;
}
int main()
{
comma ob1(22, 33), ob2(2, 12), ob3(11, 11);
ob1.display();
ob2.display();
ob3.display();
cout << endl;
ob1 = (ob2 + ob2, ob1, ob3);
ob1.display();
return 0;
}
Output:
The class Coords3D has an extra instance of the comma (,) operator.
- X, Y, and Z are the three internal concealed variables in the class itself.
- The accessing function to retrieve the numerical values of x, y, and z is the get() method.
- The operator ", "is overloaded by the person operating the function operator ().
Example Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Coords3D {
private:
double x, y, z;
public:
Coords3D() { x = y = z = 0; }
Coords3D(double x, double y,
double z)
{
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->z = z;
}
void Get(double& x, double& y,
double& z)
{
x = this->x;
y = this->y;
z = this->z;
}
Coords3D operator, (Coords3D obj)
{
Coords3D temp;
temp.x = obj.x;
temp.y = obj.y;
temp.z = obj.z;
return temp;
}
};
int main()
{
double x, y, z;
Coords3D cr1(2, 4, 6);
Coords3D cr2(3, 5, 7);
Coords3D cr3;
cr3 = (cr1, cr2);
cr3.Get(x, y, z);
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
cout << "z = " << z << endl;
Coords3D cr4(10, 15, 20);
cr3 = (cr2, cr1, cr4);
cr3.Get(x, y, z);
cout << endl;
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
cout << "y = " << y << endl;
cout << "z = " << z << endl;
return 0;
}
Output: