Java.sql.Time Format

In JDBC API as a cover aroundjava.util.Date that handles SQL-specific requirements we use the java.sql.Time. The java.sql.Time extends java.util.Date class. To represent SQL TIME, without a date this class is used. This class is similar to the java.sql.Date and it is used only when working with databases in java.

• Formatting and parsing operations are added for supporting the JDBC escape syntax for time values.

Class Hierarchy

java.lang.Object
   |
   +----java.util.Date
           |
           +----java.sql.Time

All implemented interfaces:

Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Date>

In the SQL package, the time class is used to display the time valuejava.sql.Time we can display time without a date. Whereas java.sql.date is used for displaying date,without time. For both date and time, we use java.sql.Timestamp. Here java.sql.Date and java.sql.Time is the subclass of java.util.Date. java.sql.Date and java.sql.Time both inherit from java.util.Date.

• The time value is initially set to 1st January 1970. The time value after that is positive and the time value before that is negative.

Constructor and Methods in java.sql.Time

Here are some of the constructors and methods in java.sql.Time class.

1. java.sql.Time Constructors:

• Time(int,int,int) – Used for Constructing a Time Object. 
  public Time(int hour, int minute, int second)
  Parameters:hour(0-23),minute(0-59),second(0-59)

• Time(long)–  Using a milliseconds time value it constructs a Time.
  public Time(long time)
  Parameters:time represented in milliseconds that from since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT

Program :Time(long)

import java.sql.Time;
public class SqlTimeExample{
public static void main(String[] args){
long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
Time time= new Time(current);
System.out.println("SqlTime: " + time);
}
}

Output:

SqlTime : 20:54:42

2. java.sql.Timemethods

• setTime(long time):  In this method using a milliseconds time value seta Time object.

public void setTime(long time)

Parameters:  time 

Since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMTrepresenteda timein milliseconds.

• valueOf(String s):  Convert theJDBC time escape format into a Time value in this method.

public static Time valueOf(String s)

Parameters:  string s

 The timeis represented in the format “hh:mm:ss”.It returns the corresponding Time object.

• toString(): this method formats the time in JDBC time escape format.

public String toString()

In this method, it has no parameters and it returns a String in hh:mm:ss format.

• toInstant(): UnsupportedOperationException is thrown by this method and it is not used because no date component in SQL Time values.

public Instant toInstant()

• toLocalTime(): In this method time object is converted to local time.

Public LocalTime toLocalTime()

In this method,thehour,minute, andsecond time valuesrepresented the same as in the Time object are represented.

Program: This program uses all the above-mentioned methods

import java.sql.*;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.Instant;
class SqlTimeExample2 {
public static void main(String args[]){
long milli = System.currentTimeMillis();
java.sql.Time time = new java.sql.Time(milli);
// display the time
System.out.println("old Time = " + time.toString());
// using setTime() method
long milli2 = 456732895489l;
time.setTime(milli2);
// using toString() method
System.out.println("New Time = " + time.toString());
// using valueOf() method
System.out.println("Value of 00:05:29 ="+ Time.valueOf("00:08:53"));
// using toLocalTime() method
System.out.println("localtime = " +time.toLocalTime());
// using toInstant() method
System.out.println("Instant= " +time.toInstant());
}
}

Output:

old Time = 23:08:08
New Time = 11:44:55
Value of 00:05:29 =00:08:53
localtime = 11:44:55
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
        at java.sql/java.sql.Time.toInstant(Time.java:281)
        at SqlTimeExample2.main(SqlTimeExample2.java:33)

Date and Time Format

The date and time functionality of java for displaying or utilizing we mostly use two classes they are:

• DateFormat
• SimpleDateFormat

java.text package these two classes are present.we use these two classes mostly in date and time formatting (converting date to string) and parsing (converting string to date).

The time is represented in different formats like AM/PM, 12 hrs,24 hrs, etc.

DateFormat:

The DateFormat is an abstract class used for formatting date/time subclasses. The time is represented as the time object and the date is represented as the date object as the millisecond since January 1,1970,00:00:00 GMT.

• By default, many class methods are provided by the DateFormat for obtaining date/time formatter based on default or given locale and number of formatting styles.
• SHORT, MEDIUM,LONG,and FULL are included in the formatting style.
• For Format classit is the subclass. For formatting date, to date/time string we use the format(). This method is used for converting a given date/time into a particular format.
• By using the method getTimeInstance() of DateFormat class we can create DateFormat object.
• we need an instance of time for performing a time format, so for getting an instance of time we will be using the getTimeInstance() method.

Class hierarchy:

java.lang.Object

java.text.Format

java.text.DateFormat

Subclasses:   SimpleDateFormat

Program:

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT);
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL);
System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));
}
}

Output:

1:26:33 pm
1:26 pm
1:26:33 pm
1:26:33 pm IST
1:26:33 pm India Standard Time

SimpleDateFormat:

It is similar to the DateFormat. But in the SimpleDateFormat has locale support for formatting and parsing but in DateFormat there is no locale support. It is a concrete class anditextends DateFormat class.

SimpleDateFormatConstructors:

• SimpleDateFormat(String pattern_args)
• SimpleDateFormat(String pattern_args, Locale locale_args)
• SimpleDateFormat(String pattern_args, DateFormatSymbolsformatSymbols)

Class hierarchy:

java.lang.Object

java.text.Format

java.text.DateFormat

java.text.SimpleDateFormat

• We can create SimpleDateFormat by Using the SimpleDateFormat constructor, and it is  parametrized constructor and the parameter arestring pattern.
• Date and time pattern strings are used to specify the Date and time formats. The pattern letters are‘A” to 'Z' and from 'a' to 'z' for representing the components of a date or time string.
• To avoid interpretationusing single quotes (')Text can be quoted and all other characters are simply copied to the output string.

Some Example programs for time format:

• Using SimpleDateFormat format the time in AM-PM format:

Program:

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Javatpoint{
public static void main(String[] args){
Date date = new Date();
String strDateFormat = "HH:mm:ss a";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(strDateFormat);
System.out.println(sdf.format(date));
}
}

Output:

18:36:14 pm

• Using SimpleDateFormat format the time in 24hrs format:

Program:

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Javatpoint {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat simpDate;
simpDate = nargsimpleDateFormat("kk:mm:ss");
System.out.println(simpDate.format(d));
}
}

Output:

19:39:24

• Using SimpleDateFormat format the time in MMMM format:

Program:

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Javatpoint{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM");
System.out.println("Current Month in MMMM format: " + sdf.format(date));
}
}

Output:

Current Month in MMMM format: August

• Using SimpleDateFormat format the time in 12hrs format:

Program:

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Javatpoint {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat simpDate;
simpDate = nargsimpleDateFormat("KK:mm:ss");
System.out.println(simpDate.format(d));
}
}

Output:

07:43:11