Computer Fundamentals Index

Computer Introduction Types of computer Characteristics of computer Uses of computer History of Computers

Computer Languages

Low Level language Middle level Language High level language

Computer Generation

Generation of Computers First Generation of Computer Second generation of Computers Third generation of Computers Fourth generation of Computers Fifth generation of Computers Sixth Generation of Computer

Peripheral Devices

Input devices Output device

Components

Block diagram and basic components Control processing unit (CPU) Software Hardware

Memory

Computer Memory Registers Memory Hierarchy RAM Vs ROM Understanding file sizes (Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB)

Computer Network

Types of Network Types of Area Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN) TCP Flags

Computer Virus

Computer Virus

Computer Ports

Computer Ports

How

How to hack a computer How much do Computer Programmers make How does a Computer work How to associate a file with a program How does a computer convert text into binary How does a computer process data into information How to fix a CD-ROM DVD How to fix the no input signal How to install computer memory How to associate a file with a program How to log out of your operating system How do I change my name on Google How to installation or uninstallation Microsoft Paint How to fix a not a valid Win32 application error How to fix missing Microsoft Windows .dll files How to use a computer keyboard How to erase my hard drive and start over How can I test how many words I can write a minute How to shut down a computer How do I open and edit the Windows registry How to edit the registry from the command line How to restart Microsoft Windows How to install a computer processor How to open Microsoft Paint How to fix problems in Windows after installing new software How to enable or disable the preview pane of Microsoft Outlook How to open a Microsoft .wps or Works file in Word How to view the HTML source code in Microsoft Word How to View or Change the Screen Resolution of a Monitor How to Connect and Install a Computer Keyboard How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 How to determine Which Version of Microsoft Office I'm using How to find out how much hard drive space is available How to Fix PC Stuck on Verifying DMI Pool Data How to choose which items show in the notification area How to find similar images using Search by Image How to fix Low Memory and out of memory errors How To Replace the CMOS Battery How do I Update my Antivirus Program How to fix a general protection fault How to Identify problems in the Windows Device Manager How can the Base be Shown How to test if a Website or Web Page is down How Much is 1 Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, etc How to fix a CMOS checksum error How to Fix a Windows CD-ROM, DVD, or Disc Drive Issue How to Open Safe Mode How to Password Protect Files and Folders in Windows How to Reset CMOS or BIOS Settings How to use Computer Keyboard How to create a text file How to enable or disable DHCP in Windows How to test computer memory to determine if its bad How do double space or change line spacing in Microsoft Word How do I know if I have Windows Administrator Rights How many cores does my computer have How to Create a Directory or Folder How to Enter and Exit the BIOS or CMOS Setup How to change Windows Compatibility mode How to clear your internet browser history How to Connect Computer Speakers How to Copy a Web Page Link or URL How to install a Hard Drive or SSD How to Open the Windows Control Panel How to split a screen in Windows How to copy text from a scanned PDF

Questions

Who invented Computer What are the advantages of the Internet? What are the disadvantages of the Internet? Is my computer 64 bit? What is Edge Computing? What is a Router? What is Monitor What is Printer What is a Web Browser What is Microphone What is a Webcam What is PC What is Keyboard What is Motherboard What is WAP What is URL What is a Digital Assistant When was the first Computer Invented What is Modem What is Firmware What is Imperative Programming What is Protocol What is Safe Mode What is Device Driver What is Hybrid Topology What is Mesh Topology What is Procedural language What is a hyperlink What is a Username Who invented the Internet What is Video Card What is Sound Card What is Binary What does Alt+B do What does Alt+D do What does Alt+E do What does Alt+Esc do What does Alt+R do What does ALT + Q do What does Alt + Tab do What is Data Manipulation What is a touch screen What is Back Panel What is Analog Monitor What is AR lens What is an ATX Style Connector What is a File System What is Hard Disk Drive (HDD) What is a boot device What is accessibility What is Line In What is network Interface card (NIC) What is Optical Disk Where can I ask questions on the internet What is Auto Rotate What is CAD (Computer-aided design) What is Cable Modem What is Home Page What is boot menu What is braille reader What is flash memory What is Windows What is Clipboard What is Cyber Warfare What is Myspace Why has my IP address changed What is Jacquard Loom My computer is running slow, what steps can I do to fix it What is a Kensington Lock What is a multicore processor What is automation Are smartphones and tablets computers What is a Login Script What is a Loosely Typed Language What is Multitasking? Why my computer monitor shows no display or black screen What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is the Pg Dn Key (Page Down Key) What is the Pg up Key (Page up Key) What is Palmtop Computer What is a Processing Device What is a Print Preview What is the Print Screen Key What can I do if my computer or laptop is lost or stolen What is a Model Number What are the currently available antivirus programs What are Toggle keys What is a Case fan What is a Silicon Chip What is a Slate PC What is a TAB stop What is an Octothorpe What is Task Pane What is Task View What is the svchost.exe file used for in Windows Where can I find free online virus scanners Why am I unable to increase the resolution in Windows What is Autofill When I click my mouse, it sometimes double-clicks What is Scratch What is UDIMM What is MsConfig What is an Expansion Card What is an Executable File What is an Elevated Command Prompt What is an AC Adapter What is AIMBOT What is a Software Suite What is a LED Monitor What does Alt + X do What does alt + space do What does Alt + O do Now that I’ve got a Computer, what can i do What is a Punch Card What is RDIMM What is Select All What is Serial number What is Thermos flask What programs can I use for speech recognition What are the Advantages of Computers What are the Disadvantages of Computers What does Alt + T do What Hardware Device Drivers should be Updated What is a Desktop What is a Ring Topology What is CMOS What is a Directory What is a Mechanical Mouse What is a Plotter What is a Variable What is an Icon What is Data What is HDMI What is Remote What is Right-Click What is SMPS Why does my Laptop not turn on What is a Copyright What is a Cordless Mouse What is a CSV file What is a Joystick What is a Start Button What is a Taskbar What is an Alignment What is an Output Device What is Cat 5 What is Google Chrome What is Post What are Recordable DVD Drives What Does Alt + F4 Do What Does Alt + L Do What is a bit (Binary Digit) What is a cable What is a Calculator What is a capacitor What is a Cold Boot What is a Dialog Box What is a Dual-boot What is a Slide What is A4 What is AM What is Barcode Reader What is EHCI What is a Header What is a Joystick What is a Secondary Storage Device What is Access Time What is Account Sharing What is an Asterisk What is Asynchronous DRAM What is Back Quote What is BIOS What is Borderless Printing What is Case Badge What is CD-ROM What is Chat Slang What is Composite What is RJ Cable What Are Bottom Row Keys What is SAN What is Tray What is VDU What Does Alt + M Do What Does Alt + P Do What is a Cell What is a Command Key What is a key Combination What is a Menu Bar What is a Startup What is a T What is Chat What are the F1 through F12 keys What does Alt + Enter do What Does Alt + Home DO What does Alt + R do What does Ctrl + B do What Does Ctrl + Enter Do What Does Ctrl + R Do What does Ctrl + G do What does Ctrl + 9 do What does Ctrl + End do What does Ctrl + O do What Does Ctrl + P do What Does Ctrl + Q do What is a Colon What is a Core What is Apple Touch Icon What is Clock What is Code What is Computer Crime What is Ctrl What is DAT What is Data diddling What is Date Why won't my computer turn on What Does Alt + N Do What does ctrl + 2 do What does ctrl + space do What does Ctrl + W do What does Ctrl + T Do What Does Ctrl + 2 do What does Ctrl + 5 Do What are the most common file types and file extensions What are Sticky keys What Does Ctrl + Shift + Esc Do What is Settings What is Task Manager What is Taskbar What is a DNS Resolver What does ctrl + 1 do What does ctrl + 0 do How to install software What is a Folder What is a Legend What is a MAC Address What is a Path What is a Ruler What is a Toolbar What is an Intranet Meaning and Differences with Internet What is an SSD What is Inheritance What is Tablet What is Depth What is Docking Station What is Double Click What is a Solid Ink Printer What is a Temporary File What is Backup and Restore What is Electronic Payment Systems Eps What is Marshalling

Difference

Difference between hardware and software Difference between multiprocessor and distributed systems Difference between Desktop and Laptop Difference between File and folder Difference between Hard Copy and Soft Copy Open Source Programs vs Closed Source Programs Difference between Optical Fibre and Coaxial Cable Difference between Website and Webpage Difference between Classes and Objects Input VS Output Difference between Primary and Secondary Storage with Examples

Misc

Quantum Computing Computer Software Autoexec.bat and config.sys info Update an Antivirus Use of Internet Advantages and disadvantages of Email Computing Power Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Augmented Reality Infrastructure Readiness Check Top 10 Internet tips and tricks Introduction and Features of FoxPro Features of Multimedia Top 10 online services and applications Receiving S.M.A.R.T. status bad backup and replacing error Version Control System Uninstalling Software or Apps in Windows Data Warehouse Increase or decrease font size in Word using keyboard shortcuts Mouse not detected or working in Windows Computer Cleaning Information and Steps Function Keys on Keyboard Windows 7 Alt+Tab won’t stay on top or stick 10 Essential Examples of Web Browsers Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement Case Sensitive Languages Computer Pioneers and people who are CEO Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys Parts of Computers Names, Definitions and Images ROM and its Types Basics of Information Technology Characteristics of a Good Software Design Characteristics of Management Information System Classification of Management Information System Implementation of MIS Input Devices of Computer Definition Limitations of Management Information System 3 Types Of Network in Computer Block Diagram Of Control Unit Difference Between Computer and Embedded System Difference Between Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Abstraction in OOAD Hardware and Software Devices Optomechanical Mouse CMOS Memory What is a Terminal? What is Graphic Design? What is Load? What is Passcode? What is Reboot? What is Registry? What is Safe Mode? What is Standby? What is SYN (Synchronize)? What is Task Manager? Attribute Computing BPS in Computer Bulletin Board System Light Pen Input Device 3 TYPES OF NETWORK IN COMPUTER Block diagram of control unit What is a Solid Ink Printer? What is a Temporary File? What is an App launcher? What is Backup and Restore? What is a Tab Character? What is the Core i3? What is Paint? What is a Workbook? Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education What is a String? What is a VDU (Visible Display Unit)? 50 Uses of Computer What is Workspace? What is a Procedural Language? What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)? Object Linking and Embedding in MS Word Semiconductor Memory Types of Parallel Computing Web Resources Difference between Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse Difference between HQ (High Quality) and HD (High Definition) What is Text Wrapping What is Timestamp? Semiconductor Ram Memory What is a File Attribute? What is a Video Call?

How to erase my hard drive and start over

The computer is set to default settings with the help of system restore disc. The reset or format in a computer eliminates the issues related to the software installed into a computer, including the corrupted files due to many possibilities, and also eliminates virus infections.

One important thing to remember is that the restore erases the whole data that the hard drive contains and makes it empty. When the user wants to keep the important files' data, the best choice is to back up the data before the restore.

Erase the hard drive and reinstall the windows

There are many windows versions and their erasing and reinstalling are different as follows:

Windows 11

The steps for uninstalling and reinstalling windows 11.

  • Click on the start menu.
  • Click on the settings from the menu.
  • Choose the system option from the settings window.
  •  Click on the Recovery option from the right side of the window.
  • Click on the Reset PC option under Recovery options.
How to erase my hard drive and start over How to erase my hard drive and start over
  • Select the “Keep my files or “Remove everything option, depending on the user's demand.
  • Go along with the prompt windows that pop up to begin the recovery. Then the resetting of windows is done, keeping the files or deleting them based on the option you chose.

Windows 10

The steps for uninstalling and reinstalling windows 10.

  • Select the start, then click on the Settings menu.
  • From the settings window, click on Update & Security.
  • Click on the “Recovery” in the left window and select the Get started button.
  • Select the “Keep my files” or “Remove everything” option according to the user’s demand.
  • Go along with the prompts to do the recovery process. When the recovery process is completed, windows are reset accordingly.
How to erase my hard drive and start over
How to erase my hard drive and start over
How to erase my hard drive and start over

Windows 8

The steps for uninstalling and reinstalling windows 8.

  • Open the Charms menu for this press the Windows + C keys on the keyboard.
  • Click on the search option in the window. In the Search text field, write “reinstall”.
  • Click on the Settings option.
  • On the left navigation pane, click on Remove everything and reinstall Windows.
  • Select “next” option on the Reset your PC screen.
  • Click on the Do you want to clean your drive screen fully, then, based on the user's choice, select remove my files for quick deletion. Else, click Fully clean the drive to erase the files in full.
  • Finally, click Reset on the Ready to reset your PC.
    Depending on the selected option by the user, files will be deleted from the hard drive when windows 8 is installed.

Windows 7 and Vista

A set of the restore disks must be there for the computer to restore the windows 7 or Vista computer hardware.

Users can also contact the manufacturer to order the restore disks when they do not have them in hand.

From the CD-ROM drive, the user must set the computer to boot in beforehand while following the steps to erase the hard drive.
  • Reboot the computer after placing the Windows 7 or Vista installation CD into the CD-ROM drive.
  • The note is "Press any key to boot from CD," then select any key on the keyboard.
  • Windows Setup welcome screen is seen. In that, press enter.
  • Press any key on the keyboard when the process is completed.
  • Next, the "Install Windows screen" is seen in that choose the preferred language along with other preferences and click Next.
  • Then accept the conditions on the License Agreement screen, and select Next.
  • Select the “Custom” option on the screen.
  • Choose the Drive Options(advanced).
  • Should delete all partitions for Disk 0. Then after the deletion, "Unallocated space," a single-entry name, should be seen.
  • Select Disk 0, and click Next.

Now the windows installation begins and the formatting deletes the hard drive content.

Windows XP and 2000

Windows 7 and Windows XP should also have a set of restore discs for the computer, or else the user must have an original installation disc of windows XP or 2000.

If the user does not have a set of the discs mentioned above, get them from the computer manufacturer.

From the CD-ROM drive, the user must set the computer to boot in beforehand while following the steps to erase the hard drive.
  • Reboot the computer after placing the Windows XP/2000 installation CD into the CD-ROM drive.
  • The note is "Press any key to boot from CD," then select any key on the keyboard.
  • Windows XP Setup welcome screen is seen in that select enter. Select the F8 key on the keyboard which accepts the Terms and Agreements.
  • Go along with the instructions on the screen to choose a hard drive partition for formatting and installing Windows XP.
  • When the hard drive is being formatted, it erases all the data and then follows the steps for reinstalling Windows.

Windows and DOS's earlier versions

For erasing and reinstalling MS-DOS 5.0+, Windows ME, 3. x, 95, 98, or NT 4.0. Follow the steps given below.

Drive Formatting

  • Reboot the computer to get the DOS prompt after placing the bootable disc inside the computer. Users can boot the computer either with the CD-ROM or by pressing a key to boot the system from the disk.
  • Type "format c: /s" in the MS-DOS prompt, and press enter on the keyboard. When the format c: /s command does not work, into the boot disk download format.com file.
  • A prompt is opened, questioning the user, "Are you sure you want to erase everything on the drive c:?" When the user wants to go with erasing, type "Y" for the yes choice and press Enter.
  • Now the computer starts the formatting. No errors should come while formatting the computer.
  • When the MS-DOS prompt formatting is completed, type "fdisk/mbr" and click enter. After the process, it should return the page to MS-DOS prompt without giving the message.
  • When the user is returned to the MS-DOS prompt, try to reboot the computer by inserting the boot disk intact.
  • For reinstallation of windows on the hard drive, follow the below procedure.

Windows NT 4.0

Users can install Windows NT in many ways, but the best way is as follows.

Users first must use the /b switch. By this, the users will benefit from not installing the diskettes. But installing the emergency recoverable diskettes is suggested if the users do not have the diskettes while or after installation of Windows NT.

 Windows NT can run faster by running “smartdrv” before installing Windows NT.

  • Insert the CD into the CD drive of the computer.
  • Type X: (X represents CD-ROM drive).
  • Then at the relevant drive, write "cd WinNT" and press on the enter key, which redirects to the Windows 95 directory.
  • Type “wintt /b” in the X:\WINTT> prompt.
  • To complete the installation process, go with the instructions given on the screen.

Windows 95 with a backup CD

  • Insert the CD into the CD drive of the computer.
  • Type X: (X represents CD-ROM drive).
  • Then at the relevant drive, write "cd win95" and press on the enter key, which redirects to the Windows 95 directory.
  • Type “setup” in the X:\WIN95> prompt.
  • To complete the installation process, go with the instructions given on the screen.

Sometimes the user may face some issues. Then the user can use the Windows 95 setup switches page and add them to the setup command line.

Windows 95 with floppy diskettes

  • Place the first Windows 95 disc into the computer.
  • Type “setup” in the A:\> prompt, and press the "enter" key n to start the installation process.
  • To finish the installation process, go with the commands raised on the screen.

Windows 3. x

  • Insert the first Windows 3. x diskette into the computer.
  • Type "setup" in the A:\> prompt, and press the "enter" key n to start the installation process.
  • To finish the installation process, go with the commands raised on the screen.

MS-DOS

  • Insert the first diskette of MS-DOS into the computer.
  • Type "setup" in the A:\> prompt, and press the "enter" key n to start the installation process.
  • To finish the installation process, go with the commands raised on the screen.