Computer Fundamentals Index

Computer Introduction Types of computer Characteristics of computer Uses of computer History of Computers

Computer Languages

Low Level language Middle level Language High level language

Computer Generation

Generation of Computers First Generation of Computer Second generation of Computers Third generation of Computers Fourth generation of Computers Fifth generation of Computers Sixth Generation of Computer

Peripheral Devices

Input devices Output device

Components

Block diagram and basic components Control processing unit (CPU) Software Hardware

Memory

Computer Memory Registers Memory Hierarchy RAM Vs ROM Understanding file sizes (Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB)

Computer Network

Types of Network Types of Area Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN) TCP Flags

Computer Virus

Computer Virus

Computer Ports

Computer Ports

How

How to hack a computer How much do Computer Programmers make How does a Computer work How to associate a file with a program How does a computer convert text into binary How does a computer process data into information How to fix a CD-ROM DVD How to fix the no input signal How to install computer memory How to associate a file with a program How to log out of your operating system How do I change my name on Google How to installation or uninstallation Microsoft Paint How to fix a not a valid Win32 application error How to fix missing Microsoft Windows .dll files How to use a computer keyboard How to erase my hard drive and start over How can I test how many words I can write a minute How to shut down a computer How do I open and edit the Windows registry How to edit the registry from the command line How to restart Microsoft Windows How to install a computer processor How to open Microsoft Paint How to fix problems in Windows after installing new software How to enable or disable the preview pane of Microsoft Outlook How to open a Microsoft .wps or Works file in Word How to view the HTML source code in Microsoft Word How to View or Change the Screen Resolution of a Monitor How to Connect and Install a Computer Keyboard How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 How to determine Which Version of Microsoft Office I'm using How to find out how much hard drive space is available How to Fix PC Stuck on Verifying DMI Pool Data How to choose which items show in the notification area How to find similar images using Search by Image How to fix Low Memory and out of memory errors How To Replace the CMOS Battery How do I Update my Antivirus Program How to fix a general protection fault How to Identify problems in the Windows Device Manager How can the Base be Shown How to test if a Website or Web Page is down How Much is 1 Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, etc How to fix a CMOS checksum error How to Fix a Windows CD-ROM, DVD, or Disc Drive Issue How to Open Safe Mode How to Password Protect Files and Folders in Windows How to Reset CMOS or BIOS Settings How to use Computer Keyboard How to create a text file How to enable or disable DHCP in Windows How to test computer memory to determine if its bad How do double space or change line spacing in Microsoft Word How do I know if I have Windows Administrator Rights How many cores does my computer have How to Create a Directory or Folder How to Enter and Exit the BIOS or CMOS Setup How to change Windows Compatibility mode How to clear your internet browser history How to Connect Computer Speakers How to Copy a Web Page Link or URL How to install a Hard Drive or SSD How to Open the Windows Control Panel How to split a screen in Windows How to copy text from a scanned PDF

Questions

Who invented Computer What are the advantages of the Internet? What are the disadvantages of the Internet? Is my computer 64 bit? What is Edge Computing? What is a Router? What is Monitor What is Printer What is a Web Browser What is Microphone What is a Webcam What is PC What is Keyboard What is Motherboard What is WAP What is URL What is a Digital Assistant When was the first Computer Invented What is Modem What is Firmware What is Imperative Programming What is Protocol What is Safe Mode What is Device Driver What is Hybrid Topology What is Mesh Topology What is Procedural language What is a hyperlink What is a Username Who invented the Internet What is Video Card What is Sound Card What is Binary What does Alt+B do What does Alt+D do What does Alt+E do What does Alt+Esc do What does Alt+R do What does ALT + Q do What does Alt + Tab do What is Data Manipulation What is a touch screen What is Back Panel What is Analog Monitor What is AR lens What is an ATX Style Connector What is a File System What is Hard Disk Drive (HDD) What is a boot device What is accessibility What is Line In What is network Interface card (NIC) What is Optical Disk Where can I ask questions on the internet What is Auto Rotate What is CAD (Computer-aided design) What is Cable Modem What is Home Page What is boot menu What is braille reader What is flash memory What is Windows What is Clipboard What is Cyber Warfare What is Myspace Why has my IP address changed What is Jacquard Loom My computer is running slow, what steps can I do to fix it What is a Kensington Lock What is a multicore processor What is automation Are smartphones and tablets computers What is a Login Script What is a Loosely Typed Language What is Multitasking? Why my computer monitor shows no display or black screen What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is the Pg Dn Key (Page Down Key) What is the Pg up Key (Page up Key) What is Palmtop Computer What is a Processing Device What is a Print Preview What is the Print Screen Key What can I do if my computer or laptop is lost or stolen What is a Model Number What are the currently available antivirus programs What are Toggle keys What is a Case fan What is a Silicon Chip What is a Slate PC What is a TAB stop What is an Octothorpe What is Task Pane What is Task View What is the svchost.exe file used for in Windows Where can I find free online virus scanners Why am I unable to increase the resolution in Windows What is Autofill When I click my mouse, it sometimes double-clicks What is Scratch What is UDIMM What is MsConfig What is an Expansion Card What is an Executable File What is an Elevated Command Prompt What is an AC Adapter What is AIMBOT What is a Software Suite What is a LED Monitor What does Alt + X do What does alt + space do What does Alt + O do Now that I’ve got a Computer, what can i do What is a Punch Card What is RDIMM What is Select All What is Serial number What is Thermos flask What programs can I use for speech recognition What are the Advantages of Computers What are the Disadvantages of Computers What does Alt + T do What Hardware Device Drivers should be Updated What is a Desktop What is a Ring Topology What is CMOS What is a Directory What is a Mechanical Mouse What is a Plotter What is a Variable What is an Icon What is Data What is HDMI What is Remote What is Right-Click What is SMPS Why does my Laptop not turn on What is a Copyright What is a Cordless Mouse What is a CSV file What is a Joystick What is a Start Button What is a Taskbar What is an Alignment What is an Output Device What is Cat 5 What is Google Chrome What is Post What are Recordable DVD Drives What Does Alt + F4 Do What Does Alt + L Do What is a bit (Binary Digit) What is a cable What is a Calculator What is a capacitor What is a Cold Boot What is a Dialog Box What is a Dual-boot What is a Slide What is A4 What is AM What is Barcode Reader What is EHCI What is a Header What is a Joystick What is a Secondary Storage Device What is Access Time What is Account Sharing What is an Asterisk What is Asynchronous DRAM What is Back Quote What is BIOS What is Borderless Printing What is Case Badge What is CD-ROM What is Chat Slang What is Composite What is RJ Cable What Are Bottom Row Keys What is SAN What is Tray What is VDU What Does Alt + M Do What Does Alt + P Do What is a Cell What is a Command Key What is a key Combination What is a Menu Bar What is a Startup What is a T What is Chat What are the F1 through F12 keys What does Alt + Enter do What Does Alt + Home DO What does Alt + R do What does Ctrl + B do What Does Ctrl + Enter Do What Does Ctrl + R Do What does Ctrl + G do What does Ctrl + 9 do What does Ctrl + End do What does Ctrl + O do What Does Ctrl + P do What Does Ctrl + Q do What is a Colon What is a Core What is Apple Touch Icon What is Clock What is Code What is Computer Crime What is Ctrl What is DAT What is Data diddling What is Date Why won't my computer turn on What Does Alt + N Do What does ctrl + 2 do What does ctrl + space do What does Ctrl + W do What does Ctrl + T Do What Does Ctrl + 2 do What does Ctrl + 5 Do What are the most common file types and file extensions What are Sticky keys What Does Ctrl + Shift + Esc Do What is Settings What is Task Manager What is Taskbar What is a DNS Resolver What does ctrl + 1 do What does ctrl + 0 do How to install software What is a Folder What is a Legend What is a MAC Address What is a Path What is a Ruler What is a Toolbar What is an Intranet Meaning and Differences with Internet What is an SSD What is Inheritance What is Tablet What is Depth What is Docking Station What is Double Click What is a Solid Ink Printer What is a Temporary File What is Backup and Restore What is Electronic Payment Systems Eps What is Marshalling

Difference

Difference between hardware and software Difference between multiprocessor and distributed systems Difference between Desktop and Laptop Difference between File and folder Difference between Hard Copy and Soft Copy Open Source Programs vs Closed Source Programs Difference between Optical Fibre and Coaxial Cable Difference between Website and Webpage Difference between Classes and Objects Input VS Output Difference between Primary and Secondary Storage with Examples

Misc

Quantum Computing Computer Software Autoexec.bat and config.sys info Update an Antivirus Use of Internet Advantages and disadvantages of Email Computing Power Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Augmented Reality Infrastructure Readiness Check Top 10 Internet tips and tricks Introduction and Features of FoxPro Features of Multimedia Top 10 online services and applications Receiving S.M.A.R.T. status bad backup and replacing error Version Control System Uninstalling Software or Apps in Windows Data Warehouse Increase or decrease font size in Word using keyboard shortcuts Mouse not detected or working in Windows Computer Cleaning Information and Steps Function Keys on Keyboard Windows 7 Alt+Tab won’t stay on top or stick 10 Essential Examples of Web Browsers Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement Case Sensitive Languages Computer Pioneers and people who are CEO Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys Parts of Computers Names, Definitions and Images ROM and its Types Basics of Information Technology Characteristics of a Good Software Design Characteristics of Management Information System Classification of Management Information System Implementation of MIS Input Devices of Computer Definition Limitations of Management Information System 3 Types Of Network in Computer Block Diagram Of Control Unit Difference Between Computer and Embedded System Difference Between Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Abstraction in OOAD Hardware and Software Devices Optomechanical Mouse CMOS Memory What is a Terminal? What is Graphic Design? What is Load? What is Passcode? What is Reboot? What is Registry? What is Safe Mode? What is Standby? What is SYN (Synchronize)? What is Task Manager? Attribute Computing BPS in Computer Bulletin Board System Light Pen Input Device 3 TYPES OF NETWORK IN COMPUTER Block diagram of control unit What is a Solid Ink Printer? What is a Temporary File? What is an App launcher? What is Backup and Restore? What is a Tab Character? What is the Core i3? What is Paint? What is a Workbook? Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education What is a String? What is a VDU (Visible Display Unit)? 50 Uses of Computer What is Workspace? What is a Procedural Language? What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)? Object Linking and Embedding in MS Word Semiconductor Memory Types of Parallel Computing Web Resources Difference between Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse Difference between HQ (High Quality) and HD (High Definition) What is Text Wrapping What is Timestamp? Semiconductor Ram Memory What is a File Attribute? What is a Video Call? Difference between SDRAM and DDR What is ANSI? Difference between DOS and Windows How to Set the Path and Environment Variables in Windows? Mainframe System What is ScanDisk? C drive in Mac Computer Memory Table How to Change the Keyboard Language in Windows? What is a Video Call? What is a Zoom Slider? What is Floppy Disk in Computer What is the most Popular Operating System? OMR in Computer What is a Work Area?

What is a Ruler?

A ruler is a simple yet essential tool used in various fields, from architecture to arts and crafts. The ruler is a fundamental instrument in geometry used to measure lines, angles, and shapes. It has markings or graduations on its surface, usually in millimeters or inches, to indicate the distance between two points. The ruler's graduations are typically spaced evenly along its length and numbered accordingly, allowing precise measurements

What is a Ruler

In computing, a ruler is a graphical tool used to measure the size of objects on a computer screen. This tool is particularly useful when designing graphics, creating presentations, or determining the size of images, text, or other elements on a screen.

Rulers come in different forms, but the most common ones are horizontal or vertical lines that can be dragged around the screen to measure different dimensions. These rulers are typically included in graphic design software, such as Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator, or presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Apple Keynote.

Rulers are particularly useful when designing for print, where the final product will have fixed dimensions. In this case, the ruler can ensure that all elements fit within the required dimensions and that there is no unwanted white space or overlap.

In addition to measuring size, rulers can align elements on a screen. For example, when designing a layout with multiple elements, a ruler can be used to ensure that they are aligned with other elements on the page.

Rulers can be customized to fit the specific needs of a user. For example, some rulers may have units of measurement in inches or centimeters, while others may have pixels or points. Some rulers may also include additional markings, such as a grid or a scale, to help users align objects precisely.

In conclusion, rulers are an essential tool for designers, presenters, and anyone who needs to measure or align objects on a computer screen. With the help of a ruler, users can ensure that their designs are precise, accurate, and visually appealing.

Uses of Ruler

Layout design: Rulers can measure distances and align objects in layout design projects, such as brochures, flyers, and websites. This helps ensure that the design has a professional look and feel and that elements are arranged in a balanced and consistent manner.

Illustration: Illustrators can use rulers to create precise lines and shapes and ensure their drawings are accurate and consistent. Rulers can also measure distances and align objects within the illustration, particularly useful for creating technical drawings.

Graphic design: Graphic designers can use rulers to measure and align design elements, such as images, text boxes, and shapes. Rulers can also be used to create guides, which can help maintain consistency and balance in the design.

User interface design: Rulers can be used in designing user interfaces, such as software applications, to ensure that elements are arranged precisely and consistently. This can help improve the user experience and ensure the interface is easy to use and navigate.

3D modeling: Rulers can also be used in 3D modeling applications to measure distances and align objects in 3D space. This is particularly useful for creating precise and accurate models for animations, simulations, and other applications.

Rulers in computer graphics are versatile and essential tools for designers, artists, and professionals in various industries. Whether you are working on a layout design, illustration, graphic design, user interface design, or 3D modeling project, a ruler can be a valuable tool for achieving precise and accurate results.

Advantages of Ruler

  1. Accuracy: Rulers allow designers and artists to measure distances and align objects precisely and accurately, essential for achieving professional and high-quality results.
  2. Consistency: By using rulers, designers can maintain consistency and balance in their designs, which helps to create a cohesive and polished final product.
  3. Flexibility: Rulers can be easily adjusted to accommodate different measurements, units of measurement, and guidelines, making them flexible and adaptable to a wide range of design needs.
  4. Productivity: Rulers can save time and increase productivity by allowing designers to quickly and easily measure and align objects, reducing the need for manual adjustments and trial and error.
  5. Ease of use: Rulers in computer graphics are user-friendly and easy to use, making them accessible to designers of all skill levels.

In conclusion, using rulers in computer graphics provides several advantages that help to improve the accuracy, consistency, flexibility, productivity, and ease of use for designers and artists working in a digital environment. Whether you are a professional designer or a beginner, rulers can be a valuable tool for achieving the best results in your design projects.

Disadvantages of Ruler

  1. Display resolution: The accuracy of rulers can be affected by display resolution, which can result in incorrect measurements.
  2. User error: Human error can also play a role in the accuracy of rulers, such as incorrect placement or improper use.
  3. Limited functionality: Some software applications may need more functionality for rulers, such as a lack of custom guide options or advanced ruler tools.
  4. Dependence on software: The functionality and accuracy of rulers can also depend on the software used, as different software applications may have different ruler capabilities.
  5. Complex designs: More than rulers alone may be required, and additional tools and techniques may be necessary.

These are just a few disadvantages of using rulers in computer graphics. While rulers can be a useful tool for measuring and aligning elements in a digital environment, it is important to understand their limitations and use them with other tools and techniques.

Software that uses Rulers

Adobe Photoshop: Photoshop is a popular image editing software that includes a ruler tool for measuring and aligning elements within an image.

Adobe Illustrator: Illustrator is a vector graphics editor with a ruler tool for measuring distances and creating precise lines and shapes.

Adobe InDesign: InDesign is a page layout and design software with a ruler tool for measuring and aligning elements.

Sketch: Sketch is a popular vector graphics editor with a ruler tool for measuring distances and creating precise lines and shapes.

Affinity Designer: Affinity Designer is a vector graphics editor with a ruler tool for measuring distances and creating precise lines and shapes.

CorelDRAW: CorelDRAW is a vector graphics editor with a ruler tool for measuring distances and creating precise lines and shapes.

Blender: Blender is a 3D modeling and animation software with a ruler tool for measuring distances and aligning objects in 3D space.

These are just a few examples of software applications that include a ruler tool for measuring and aligning elements within a digital environment. Whether you are working in graphic design, illustration, page layout, 3D modeling, or another field, there is likely a software application that includes a ruler tool to meet your needs.

What is a Ruler

Some important Points about Ruler

The most important aspect of rulers in computer graphics is their role in accurately measuring and aligning elements within a digital environment. Rulers can be a valuable tool for ensuring that designs are precise, consistent, and professional. They can also help to save time and increase productivity by allowing designers to quickly and easily measure and align elements within a design.

When using rulers, it is important to choose the right unit of measurement and regularly check the ruler's accuracy to ensure that it provides precise measurements. Custom guides and snap-to-guides features can also be useful for achieving a consistent look and feel in designs, and keyboard shortcuts can save time and increase productivity.

Ultimately, the most important aspect of rulers in computer graphics is their ability to support the design process and to help designers create professional and high-quality designs. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced designer, it is important to understand rulers' capabilities and limitations and use them effectively as part of your design toolkit. Points are as follows:

  • Customizing rulers: Many software applications allow users to customize their rulers, such as changing the unit of measurement, adjusting the scale, and creating custom guides.
  • Ruler shortcuts: Many software applications include keyboard shortcuts and other tools that make it easier to use rulers, such as snapping to guides, locking rulers, and hiding rulers when not in use.
  • Ruler options: Some software applications offer advanced ruler options, such as radial, perspective, and 3D rulers, which can be useful for creating complex designs and illustrations.
  • Ruler plugins: Various plugins and add-ons are available for some software applications that enhance the functionality of the ruler tool, such as providing additional measurement units, adding custom guides, and more.
  • Using rulers in web design: Rulers can also measure distances and align elements within a web page, such as images, text boxes, and buttons.
  • Ruler accuracy: It is important to consider the accuracy of rulers when working in a digital environment, as some rulers may not provide precise measurements due to display resolution or other factors.

Tips for using

Use the right unit of measurement: Choose the unit appropriate for your design project, such as pixels, inches, or centimeters.

Create custom guides: Custom guides can be useful for aligning objects and creating a consistent look and feel in your designs.

Snap to guides: Use the snap-to-guides feature to easily align objects and ensure they are spaced evenly and precisely.

Lock rulers: Locking rulers can keep them in place and prevent accidental movement.

Use keyboard shortcuts: Keyboard shortcuts can save time and increase productivity by allowing you to access the ruler tool and other features quickly.

Hide rulers when not in use: Hiding rulers when not in use can help to reduce visual clutter and simplify your workspace.

Check accuracy: Regularly check the accuracy of your rulers to ensure that they provide precise measurements.

Experiment with advanced options: If available, experiment with advanced ruler options such as radial, perspective, and 3D rulers to see how they can be used in your designs.

By following these tips, you can effectively use rulers in computer graphics to achieve professional and high-quality results in your design projects.

Problems in a computer without a ruler

Inaccurate designs: Without rulers, it can be not easy to accurately measure and align elements in a digital environment, which can result in designs that are not precise or consistent.

Increased time and effort: Without rulers, designers may manually measure and align elements, which can be time-consuming and increase the overall effort required to complete a design.

Inconsistent designs: With rulers, it can be easier to achieve a consistent look and feel in designs, which can result in designs that appear amateurish or unprofessional.

Inability to create complex designs: More than rulers alone may be required, and additional tools and techniques may be necessary. With rulers, designers may be able to create complex designs with accuracy and precision.

Reduced productivity: Without rulers, designers may spend more time on manual measurements and alignments, reducing overall productivity and efficiency.

These are just a few problems that can occur in computer graphics without using rulers. While it is possible to create designs without rulers, using them can significantly improve the accuracy, consistency, and overall quality of designs.

Types of Ruler in computer

  1. Linear Ruler: A linear ruler is a straight line that can measure the distance between two points or align objects in a design.
  2. Radial Ruler: A radial ruler is a circular ruler that can measure the radius of circular objects or create circular designs.
  3. Perspective Ruler: A perspective ruler is used to create designs in a three-dimensional perspective. It allows designers to measure and align objects in a scene with an accurate perspective.
  4. Protractor Ruler: A protractor ruler is a ruler with a semi-circular shape that can be used to measure angles.
  5. Callipers Ruler: A calipers ruler is a digital ruler that can measure objects' size and dimensions in a digital environment.
  6. 3D Ruler: A 3D ruler is a ruler that can be used to measure and align objects in three dimensions.

Each type of ruler has its unique features and capabilities, and it is important to understand the differences and choose the right type of ruler for your specific design needs. Whether you need a simple linear ruler or a more advanced 3D ruler, a ruler can meet your needs.

Summary

In summary, rulers in computer graphics are tools used to measure and align objects in a digital environment. Rulers can be a valuable tool for ensuring that designs are precise, consistent, and professional, and they can also help to save time and increase productivity by allowing designers to quickly and easily measure and align elements within a design. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced designer, it is important to understand rulers' capabilities and limitations and use them effectively as part of your design toolkit.