Computer Fundamentals Index

Computer Introduction Types of computer Characteristics of computer Uses of computer History of Computers

Computer Languages

Low Level language Middle level Language High level language

Computer Generation

Generation of Computers First Generation of Computer Second generation of Computers Third generation of Computers Fourth generation of Computers Fifth generation of Computers Sixth Generation of Computer

Peripheral Devices

Input devices Output device

Components

Block diagram and basic components Control processing unit (CPU) Software Hardware

Memory

Computer Memory Registers Memory Hierarchy RAM Vs ROM Understanding file sizes (Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB)

Computer Network

Types of Network Types of Area Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN) TCP Flags

Computer Virus

Computer Virus

Computer Ports

Computer Ports

How

How to hack a computer How much do Computer Programmers make How does a Computer work How to associate a file with a program How does a computer convert text into binary How does a computer process data into information How to fix a CD-ROM DVD How to fix the no input signal How to install computer memory How to associate a file with a program How to log out of your operating system How do I change my name on Google How to installation or uninstallation Microsoft Paint How to fix a not a valid Win32 application error How to fix missing Microsoft Windows .dll files How to use a computer keyboard How to erase my hard drive and start over How can I test how many words I can write a minute How to shut down a computer How do I open and edit the Windows registry How to edit the registry from the command line How to restart Microsoft Windows How to install a computer processor How to open Microsoft Paint How to fix problems in Windows after installing new software How to enable or disable the preview pane of Microsoft Outlook How to open a Microsoft .wps or Works file in Word How to view the HTML source code in Microsoft Word How to View or Change the Screen Resolution of a Monitor How to Connect and Install a Computer Keyboard How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 How to determine Which Version of Microsoft Office I'm using How to find out how much hard drive space is available How to Fix PC Stuck on Verifying DMI Pool Data How to choose which items show in the notification area How to find similar images using Search by Image How to fix Low Memory and out of memory errors How To Replace the CMOS Battery How do I Update my Antivirus Program How to fix a general protection fault How to Identify problems in the Windows Device Manager How can the Base be Shown How to test if a Website or Web Page is down How Much is 1 Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, etc How to fix a CMOS checksum error How to Fix a Windows CD-ROM, DVD, or Disc Drive Issue How to Open Safe Mode How to Password Protect Files and Folders in Windows How to Reset CMOS or BIOS Settings How to use Computer Keyboard How to create a text file How to enable or disable DHCP in Windows How to test computer memory to determine if its bad How do double space or change line spacing in Microsoft Word How do I know if I have Windows Administrator Rights How many cores does my computer have How to Create a Directory or Folder How to Enter and Exit the BIOS or CMOS Setup How to change Windows Compatibility mode How to clear your internet browser history How to Connect Computer Speakers How to Copy a Web Page Link or URL How to install a Hard Drive or SSD How to Open the Windows Control Panel How to split a screen in Windows How to copy text from a scanned PDF

Questions

Who invented Computer What are the advantages of the Internet? What are the disadvantages of the Internet? Is my computer 64 bit? What is Edge Computing? What is a Router? What is Monitor What is Printer What is a Web Browser What is Microphone What is a Webcam What is PC What is Keyboard What is Motherboard What is WAP What is URL What is a Digital Assistant When was the first Computer Invented What is Modem What is Firmware What is Imperative Programming What is Protocol What is Safe Mode What is Device Driver What is Hybrid Topology What is Mesh Topology What is Procedural language What is a hyperlink What is a Username Who invented the Internet What is Video Card What is Sound Card What is Binary What does Alt+B do What does Alt+D do What does Alt+E do What does Alt+Esc do What does Alt+R do What does ALT + Q do What does Alt + Tab do What is Data Manipulation What is a touch screen What is Back Panel What is Analog Monitor What is AR lens What is an ATX Style Connector What is a File System What is Hard Disk Drive (HDD) What is a boot device What is accessibility What is Line In What is network Interface card (NIC) What is Optical Disk Where can I ask questions on the internet What is Auto Rotate What is CAD (Computer-aided design) What is Cable Modem What is Home Page What is boot menu What is braille reader What is flash memory What is Windows What is Clipboard What is Cyber Warfare What is Myspace Why has my IP address changed What is Jacquard Loom My computer is running slow, what steps can I do to fix it What is a Kensington Lock What is a multicore processor What is automation Are smartphones and tablets computers What is a Login Script What is a Loosely Typed Language What is Multitasking? Why my computer monitor shows no display or black screen What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is the Pg Dn Key (Page Down Key) What is the Pg up Key (Page up Key) What is Palmtop Computer What is a Processing Device What is a Print Preview What is the Print Screen Key What can I do if my computer or laptop is lost or stolen What is a Model Number What are the currently available antivirus programs What are Toggle keys What is a Case fan What is a Silicon Chip What is a Slate PC What is a TAB stop What is an Octothorpe What is Task Pane What is Task View What is the svchost.exe file used for in Windows Where can I find free online virus scanners Why am I unable to increase the resolution in Windows What is Autofill When I click my mouse, it sometimes double-clicks What is Scratch What is UDIMM What is MsConfig What is an Expansion Card What is an Executable File What is an Elevated Command Prompt What is an AC Adapter What is AIMBOT What is a Software Suite What is a LED Monitor What does Alt + X do What does alt + space do What does Alt + O do Now that I’ve got a Computer, what can i do What is a Punch Card What is RDIMM What is Select All What is Serial number What is Thermos flask What programs can I use for speech recognition What are the Advantages of Computers What are the Disadvantages of Computers What does Alt + T do What Hardware Device Drivers should be Updated What is a Desktop What is a Ring Topology What is CMOS What is a Directory What is a Mechanical Mouse What is a Plotter What is a Variable What is an Icon What is Data What is HDMI What is Remote What is Right-Click What is SMPS Why does my Laptop not turn on What is a Copyright What is a Cordless Mouse What is a CSV file What is a Joystick What is a Start Button What is a Taskbar What is an Alignment What is an Output Device What is Cat 5 What is Google Chrome What is Post What are Recordable DVD Drives What Does Alt + F4 Do What Does Alt + L Do What is a bit (Binary Digit) What is a cable What is a Calculator What is a capacitor What is a Cold Boot What is a Dialog Box What is a Dual-boot What is a Slide What is A4 What is AM What is Barcode Reader What is EHCI What is a Header What is a Joystick What is a Secondary Storage Device What is Access Time What is Account Sharing What is an Asterisk What is Asynchronous DRAM What is Back Quote What is BIOS What is Borderless Printing What is Case Badge What is CD-ROM What is Chat Slang What is Composite What is RJ Cable What Are Bottom Row Keys What is SAN What is Tray What is VDU What Does Alt + M Do What Does Alt + P Do What is a Cell What is a Command Key What is a key Combination What is a Menu Bar What is a Startup What is a T What is Chat What are the F1 through F12 keys What does Alt + Enter do What Does Alt + Home DO What does Alt + R do What does Ctrl + B do What Does Ctrl + Enter Do What Does Ctrl + R Do What does Ctrl + G do What does Ctrl + 9 do What does Ctrl + End do What does Ctrl + O do What Does Ctrl + P do What Does Ctrl + Q do What is a Colon What is a Core What is Apple Touch Icon What is Clock What is Code What is Computer Crime What is Ctrl What is DAT What is Data diddling What is Date Why won't my computer turn on What Does Alt + N Do What does ctrl + 2 do What does ctrl + space do What does Ctrl + W do What does Ctrl + T Do What Does Ctrl + 2 do What does Ctrl + 5 Do What are the most common file types and file extensions What are Sticky keys What Does Ctrl + Shift + Esc Do What is Settings What is Task Manager What is Taskbar What is a DNS Resolver What does ctrl + 1 do What does ctrl + 0 do How to install software What is a Folder What is a Legend What is a MAC Address What is a Path What is a Ruler What is a Toolbar What is an Intranet Meaning and Differences with Internet What is an SSD What is Inheritance What is Tablet What is Depth What is Docking Station What is Double Click What is a Solid Ink Printer What is a Temporary File What is Backup and Restore What is Electronic Payment Systems Eps What is Marshalling

Difference

Difference between hardware and software Difference between multiprocessor and distributed systems Difference between Desktop and Laptop Difference between File and folder Difference between Hard Copy and Soft Copy Open Source Programs vs Closed Source Programs Difference between Optical Fibre and Coaxial Cable Difference between Website and Webpage Difference between Classes and Objects Input VS Output Difference between Primary and Secondary Storage with Examples

Misc

Quantum Computing Computer Software Autoexec.bat and config.sys info Update an Antivirus Use of Internet Advantages and disadvantages of Email Computing Power Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Augmented Reality Infrastructure Readiness Check Top 10 Internet tips and tricks Introduction and Features of FoxPro Features of Multimedia Top 10 online services and applications Receiving S.M.A.R.T. status bad backup and replacing error Version Control System Uninstalling Software or Apps in Windows Data Warehouse Increase or decrease font size in Word using keyboard shortcuts Mouse not detected or working in Windows Computer Cleaning Information and Steps Function Keys on Keyboard Windows 7 Alt+Tab won’t stay on top or stick 10 Essential Examples of Web Browsers Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement Case Sensitive Languages Computer Pioneers and people who are CEO Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys Parts of Computers Names, Definitions and Images ROM and its Types Basics of Information Technology Characteristics of a Good Software Design Characteristics of Management Information System Classification of Management Information System Implementation of MIS Input Devices of Computer Definition Limitations of Management Information System 3 Types Of Network in Computer Block Diagram Of Control Unit Difference Between Computer and Embedded System Difference Between Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Abstraction in OOAD Hardware and Software Devices Optomechanical Mouse CMOS Memory What is a Terminal? What is Graphic Design? What is Load? What is Passcode? What is Reboot? What is Registry? What is Safe Mode? What is Standby? What is SYN (Synchronize)? What is Task Manager? Attribute Computing BPS in Computer Bulletin Board System Light Pen Input Device 3 TYPES OF NETWORK IN COMPUTER Block diagram of control unit What is a Solid Ink Printer? What is a Temporary File? What is an App launcher? What is Backup and Restore? What is a Tab Character? What is the Core i3? What is Paint? What is a Workbook? Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education What is a String? What is a VDU (Visible Display Unit)? 50 Uses of Computer What is Workspace? What is a Procedural Language? What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)? Object Linking and Embedding in MS Word Semiconductor Memory Types of Parallel Computing Web Resources Difference between Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse Difference between HQ (High Quality) and HD (High Definition) What is Text Wrapping What is Timestamp? Semiconductor Ram Memory What is a File Attribute? What is a Video Call? Difference between SDRAM and DDR What is ANSI? Difference between DOS and Windows How to Set the Path and Environment Variables in Windows? Mainframe System What is ScanDisk? C drive in Mac Computer Memory Table How to Change the Keyboard Language in Windows? What is a Video Call? What is a Zoom Slider? What is Floppy Disk in Computer What is the most Popular Operating System? OMR in Computer What is a Work Area?

How to Open Safe Mode?

The Safe mode is a diagnostic mode in Windows that starts the operating system with a minimal set of drivers and files. It is designed to help troubleshoot and fix issues with the system. By starting in this mode, you can determine if a problem is caused by default settings or basic device drivers and narrow down the source of the issue.

A safe mode is a troubleshooting option for computers that allows them to start with minimal system files and drivers. There are two types of safe modes: regular safe mode and safe mode with networking. Regular safe mode only loads the essential drivers and files necessary for the system to function. At the same time, safe mode with networking also includes the network drivers and services necessary to connect to the internet and other computers on the network. This allows for further troubleshooting and the ability to download and install updates or drivers to fix the issue.

To initiate safe mode on a PC, there are several methods that can be used. One way is through the Settings app, another is through the sign-in screen, and the third is through a black or blank screen. The steps for each method may differ, so it is recommended to refer to official resources such as Microsoft's documentation for specific instructions on how to start your PC in the safe mode.

From Settings

Starting your PC in safe mode can be done through the following steps:

  1. Press the Windows logo key + I on your keyboard to open the Settings app. If that doesn't work, select the Start button and then select Settings.
  2. Navigate to Update & Security > Recovery in the Settings app.
  3. Under Advanced startup, select Restart now.
  4. After your PC restarts, you will be taken to the Choose an option screen. From here, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart. You may be prompted to enter your BitLocker recovery key.
How to Open Safe Mode How to Open Safe Mode How to Open Safe Mode How to Open Safe Mode
  • After your PC restarts again, you will see a list of options. To start your PC in safe mode, select 4 or press F4. To start in the safe mode with the networking, select 5 or press F5.

Note: These steps may vary depending on your specific operating system and device. You can refer to the official documentation or consult your device's manual for more information on how to start your PC in the safe mode.

From the Sing Screen

To open Safe Mode in Windows on The Sing Screen, follow these steps:

  1. Press the power button on the device to turn it on.
  2. Press and hold the "Shift" key while clicking on the "Restart" button in the Start menu.
  3. Select "Troubleshoot" from the options displayed.
  4. Select "Advanced options" and then "Startup Settings".
  5. Press the number 4 or the F4 key to start your PC in Safe Mode.
  6. Your computer will now boot into Safe Mode and you will see "Safe Mode" written in the corners of the screen.

Note: In Safe Mode, only the basic drivers and services will be loaded and any third-party apps will be disabled. To exit Safe Mode, simply restart the device and choose to start windows normally.

From a Black and Blank Screen

To open safe mode in Windows from a black and blank screen, follow these steps:

  1. Press and hold the power button on your computer to force a shut down if the computer is unresponsive.
  2. Turn your computer back on and repeatedly press the F8 key as soon as the computer starts up. This will bring up the Advanced Boot Options screen.
  3. Use the arrow keys to navigate to "Safe Mode" and press Enter.
  4. Windows will now start in Safe Mode and you will see "Safe Mode" written in the corners of the screen.

Alternatively, you can also open safe mode in windows by:

  1. Press and hold the power button to force shut down if the computer is unresponsive.
  2. Press and hold the Shift key and click on the restart button on the login screen.
  3. Select troubleshoot then advanced options, then select Startup Settings, and click on Restart.
  4. Press F4 or 4 to start Windows in safe mode.

Note: In Safe Mode, only the default apps and settings will be available and any third-party apps will be disabled. To exit Safe Mode, simply restart the device.

How To Get Back in Safe Mode

You can restart your device to exit safe mode and return to normal mode. However, if your device continues to boot into safe mode on its own, you can try the following steps:

  1. Press the Windows logo key + R.
  2. Type "MSConfig" in the Open box and then select OK.
  3. Select the Boot tab.
  4. Under Boot options, clear the checkbox for "Safe boot".

By clearing the "Safe boot" checkbox, you will disable the option for your device to start in safe mode on its own.

However, it is important to note that disabling safe mode may cause any issues that were previously fixed by starting in safe mode to reoccur. Also, these steps may vary depending on your specific operating system and device.

You can refer to the official Microsoft documentation or consult your device's manual for more information on how to exit safe mode and return to normal mode on your device.

In Mac OS

Safe mode in Mac OS is a diagnostic feature that starts the operating system with a minimal set of drivers and files. Its purpose is to help troubleshoot and fix issues with the system. When you start up in safe mode, your Mac prevents some software such as startup items, from loading and it performs a check of your startup disk. This check may cause your Mac to take longer to start up, but it can help you resolve or isolate problems that you are experiencing with your Mac. When in safe mode the system only loads essential kernel extensions, fonts, and startup items. This helps in identifying any software or driver that could be causing problems with the system. Additionally, in safe mode, the system performs a disk verification and repair, which helps fix any disk-related issues.

Before You Being

Before beginning safe mode on Mac OS, there are a few things to keep in mind:

  • Make sure you have saved any important work and closed all open applications.
  • Understand that safe mode may take longer to start up than normal, as the system performs a check of your startup disk.
  • Keep in mind that not all software and startup items will be available while in safe mode, as some are prevented from loading during this process.
  • Be aware that any issues that were resolved while in safe mode may return once you exit safe mode, so it's important to address those issues before exiting.
  • If you are unable to start your Mac in normal mode, try starting in safe mode, and see if the problem persists. It may help you troubleshoot the issue.

By keeping these things in mind, you can ensure a smooth and successful safe mode experience on your Mac OS.

Start Up Your Mac with Apple Silicon in Safe Mode

To start up your Mac with Apple silicon in safe mode, follow these steps:

  1. Shut down your Mac.
  2. Press and hold the power button on your Mac.
  3. Press and hold the Shift key as soon as you see the power-on indicator light.
  4. Continue holding the Shift key until you see the Apple logo and progress bar.
  5. Release the Shift key and wait for your Mac to start up in safe mode.
  6. Once your Mac has started up, you'll see "Safe Boot" in the login window and in the top-right corner of the screen.
  7. Log in to your account as usual.

Note: While in safe mode, some features may be disabled and some apps may not work, but it can help you troubleshoot and fix issues with your Mac. To exit safe mode, restart your Mac normally.

Start-Up an Intel-Based Mac in Safe Mode

To start up an Intel-based Mac in safe mode, you need to:

  1. Turn on your Mac or restart it.
  2. Once you hear the startup chime, press and hold the Shift key.
  3. Keep holding the Shift key until you see the login window.
  4. Log in to your Mac account.
  5. You may be prompted to log in again, and on either the first or second login window, you should see “Safe Boot” in the menu bar. This indicates that your Mac is running in safe mode.

Note: Safe mode starts your Mac with a minimal set of drivers and files. It’s useful to troubleshoot and fix issues with the system. Keep in mind that some features may be disabled, and some apps may not work while in safe mode. To exit safe mode, restart your Mac normally.

Verify Your Mac Started Up in Safe Mode

To verify that your Mac has started up in safe mode, you can look for the following indications:

  1. The Apple logo and progress bar will appear on the screen when you boot into safe mode.
  2. "Safe Boot" will be displayed in the login window and in the top-right corner of the screen when you log in to your account.
  3. The login window may take longer to appear than usual, as the system performs a check of your startup disk.
  4. Some of the third-party apps and extensions may be disabled, and you may see a message indicating that they are not available in safe mode.
  5. Your Mac may run slower than normal while in safe mode, as it uses a minimal set of drivers and files.

If you see any of these indications, then your Mac has started up in safe mode. If you're still unsure, you can try running a software troubleshooter, for example, disk utility. If it runs fine, then your Mac is in safe mode.

Exit The Safe Mode in Mac Os

To exit Safe Mode on a Mac, follow these steps:

  • Restart your Mac by clicking on the Apple menu in the top-left corner of the screen and then selecting "Restart."
How to Open Safe Mode
  • Press and hold the Shift key on your keyboard as your Mac restarts. Keep holding the Shift key until the Apple logo appears on the screen.
  • Release the Shift key once the Apple logo appears. Your Mac should now boot up normally, and you should be out of Safe Mode.

Alternatively

  • Shut down your Mac.
  • Press the power button to start your Mac.
  • As soon as you hear the startup sound, press and hold the Shift key. The Apple logo appears on your screen.
  • Release the Shift key when you see the login window.

If you are still not in safe mode after following the steps, it is best to contact Apple support for further assistance.

Safe Mode In Linux

The process of entering safe mode in Linux operating systems can vary depending on the specific distribution and version you are using. However, here are a few common methods to enter safe mode in Linux:

  1. During boot-up, press and hold the Shift key. This will bring up the Grub menu, where you can select "Advanced options" and then "Recovery mode" or "Safe mode" to enter safe mode.
  2. Press and hold the Ctrl key during boot-up. This will bring up the Grub menu, where you can select "Advanced options" and then "Recovery mode" or "Safe mode" to enter safe mode.
  3. Press and hold the Esc key during boot-up. This will bring up the Grub menu, where you can select "Advanced options" and then "Recovery mode" or "Safe mode" to enter safe mode.
  4. If you are already logged into the system, you can open a terminal window and type "systemctl reboot --force --firmware-setup" to enter firmware setup mode.

Note: The safe mode in Linux is also called as recovery mode. This mode will allow you to boot with minimal services and drivers, and it may also provide a root shell so you can troubleshoot and repair your system.

Exit the Safe Mode in Linus Operating System

To exit Safe mode in the Linux operating system, you can follow these steps:

  1. Open the terminal by searching for it on the search bar or by using the keyboard shortcut (CTRL+ALT+T)
  2. Type "su admin" and then enter the admin password to gain root access
  3. Type "/etc/init.d/nisetbootmode default && reboot" to change the boot mode to default and reboot the system.

Note: The command might be different depending on the Linux distribution you are using, so please make sure to check the documentation of your Linux distribution for the correct command. Keep in mind that after exiting safe mode, the system will restart, and the changes that have been made during safe mode may not be saved, so it's important to save any important work before exiting safe mode.

Why do we need to Safe Mode?

The Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS) that starts the system with a minimal set of drives and services. It is typically used to troubleshoot and fix issues that may prevent the computer from starting normally.

There are a few reasons why you may need to use safe mode:

Troubleshoot software issues: Sometimes, a program or driver that is installed on your computer may cause issues that prevent the computer from starting normally. By starting in safe mode, you can identify and remove the problematic software.

Remove malware: Malware, such as viruses and spyware, can cause a wide range of issues on a computer, including preventing it from starting normally. By starting in safe mode, you can use antivirus software to scan your system and remove any malware that is present.

Fix system errors: System errors, such as corrupted files or a damaged boot sector, can prevent the computer from starting normally. By starting in safe mode, you can use built-in tools, such as the System File Checker or Startup Repair, to fix these errors.

Remove third-party drivers: Sometimes, third-party drivers, such as those for graphics cards or other hardware, may cause issues on a computer. By starting in safe mode, you can remove these drivers and see if that resolves the issue.

Update or change the configuration of the system: In safe mode, you can update the system, change the configuration of the system or perform some other activities that are not possible in normal mode.

Note: While safe mode can be a useful tool for troubleshooting and fixing issues, it should not be used as a permanent solution. Any issues that are identified and fixed in safe mode should also be addressed in normal mode to ensure that they do not recur.