Computer Fundamentals Index

Computer Introduction Types of computer Characteristics of computer Uses of computer History of Computers

Computer Languages

Low Level language Middle level Language High level language

Computer Generation

Generation of Computers First Generation of Computer Second generation of Computers Third generation of Computers Fourth generation of Computers Fifth generation of Computers Sixth Generation of Computer

Peripheral Devices

Input devices Output device

Components

Block diagram and basic components Control processing unit (CPU) Software Hardware

Memory

Computer Memory Registers Memory Hierarchy RAM Vs ROM Understanding file sizes (Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB)

Computer Network

Types of Network Types of Area Networks (LAN, WAN, MAN) TCP Flags

Computer Virus

Computer Virus

Computer Ports

Computer Ports

How

How to hack a computer How much do Computer Programmers make How does a Computer work How to associate a file with a program How does a computer convert text into binary How does a computer process data into information How to fix a CD-ROM DVD How to fix the no input signal How to install computer memory How to associate a file with a program How to log out of your operating system How do I change my name on Google How to installation or uninstallation Microsoft Paint How to fix a not a valid Win32 application error How to fix missing Microsoft Windows .dll files How to use a computer keyboard How to erase my hard drive and start over How can I test how many words I can write a minute How to shut down a computer How do I open and edit the Windows registry How to edit the registry from the command line How to restart Microsoft Windows How to install a computer processor How to open Microsoft Paint How to fix problems in Windows after installing new software How to enable or disable the preview pane of Microsoft Outlook How to open a Microsoft .wps or Works file in Word How to view the HTML source code in Microsoft Word How to View or Change the Screen Resolution of a Monitor How to Connect and Install a Computer Keyboard How to Delete Temporary Files in Windows 10 How to determine Which Version of Microsoft Office I'm using How to find out how much hard drive space is available How to Fix PC Stuck on Verifying DMI Pool Data How to choose which items show in the notification area How to find similar images using Search by Image How to fix Low Memory and out of memory errors How To Replace the CMOS Battery How do I Update my Antivirus Program How to fix a general protection fault How to Identify problems in the Windows Device Manager How can the Base be Shown How to test if a Website or Web Page is down How Much is 1 Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, etc How to fix a CMOS checksum error How to Fix a Windows CD-ROM, DVD, or Disc Drive Issue How to Open Safe Mode How to Password Protect Files and Folders in Windows How to Reset CMOS or BIOS Settings How to use Computer Keyboard How to create a text file How to enable or disable DHCP in Windows How to test computer memory to determine if its bad How do double space or change line spacing in Microsoft Word How do I know if I have Windows Administrator Rights How many cores does my computer have How to Create a Directory or Folder How to Enter and Exit the BIOS or CMOS Setup How to change Windows Compatibility mode How to clear your internet browser history How to Connect Computer Speakers How to Copy a Web Page Link or URL How to install a Hard Drive or SSD How to Open the Windows Control Panel How to split a screen in Windows How to copy text from a scanned PDF

Questions

Who invented Computer What are the advantages of the Internet? What are the disadvantages of the Internet? Is my computer 64 bit? What is Edge Computing? What is a Router? What is Monitor What is Printer What is a Web Browser What is Microphone What is a Webcam What is PC What is Keyboard What is Motherboard What is WAP What is URL What is a Digital Assistant When was the first Computer Invented What is Modem What is Firmware What is Imperative Programming What is Protocol What is Safe Mode What is Device Driver What is Hybrid Topology What is Mesh Topology What is Procedural language What is a hyperlink What is a Username Who invented the Internet What is Video Card What is Sound Card What is Binary What does Alt+B do What does Alt+D do What does Alt+E do What does Alt+Esc do What does Alt+R do What does ALT + Q do What does Alt + Tab do What is Data Manipulation What is a touch screen What is Back Panel What is Analog Monitor What is AR lens What is an ATX Style Connector What is a File System What is Hard Disk Drive (HDD) What is a boot device What is accessibility What is Line In What is network Interface card (NIC) What is Optical Disk Where can I ask questions on the internet What is Auto Rotate What is CAD (Computer-aided design) What is Cable Modem What is Home Page What is boot menu What is braille reader What is flash memory What is Windows What is Clipboard What is Cyber Warfare What is Myspace Why has my IP address changed What is Jacquard Loom My computer is running slow, what steps can I do to fix it What is a Kensington Lock What is a multicore processor What is automation Are smartphones and tablets computers What is a Login Script What is a Loosely Typed Language What is Multitasking? Why my computer monitor shows no display or black screen What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is REM What is Parallelization What is Overtype mode What is open with What is Bracket What is an Online Service What is the Pg Dn Key (Page Down Key) What is the Pg up Key (Page up Key) What is Palmtop Computer What is a Processing Device What is a Print Preview What is the Print Screen Key What can I do if my computer or laptop is lost or stolen What is a Model Number What are the currently available antivirus programs What are Toggle keys What is a Case fan What is a Silicon Chip What is a Slate PC What is a TAB stop What is an Octothorpe What is Task Pane What is Task View What is the svchost.exe file used for in Windows Where can I find free online virus scanners Why am I unable to increase the resolution in Windows What is Autofill When I click my mouse, it sometimes double-clicks What is Scratch What is UDIMM What is MsConfig What is an Expansion Card What is an Executable File What is an Elevated Command Prompt What is an AC Adapter What is AIMBOT What is a Software Suite What is a LED Monitor What does Alt + X do What does alt + space do What does Alt + O do Now that I’ve got a Computer, what can i do What is a Punch Card What is RDIMM What is Select All What is Serial number What is Thermos flask What programs can I use for speech recognition What are the Advantages of Computers What are the Disadvantages of Computers What does Alt + T do What Hardware Device Drivers should be Updated What is a Desktop What is a Ring Topology What is CMOS What is a Directory What is a Mechanical Mouse What is a Plotter What is a Variable What is an Icon What is Data What is HDMI What is Remote What is Right-Click What is SMPS Why does my Laptop not turn on What is a Copyright What is a Cordless Mouse What is a CSV file What is a Joystick What is a Start Button What is a Taskbar What is an Alignment What is an Output Device What is Cat 5 What is Google Chrome What is Post What are Recordable DVD Drives What Does Alt + F4 Do What Does Alt + L Do What is a bit (Binary Digit) What is a cable What is a Calculator What is a capacitor What is a Cold Boot What is a Dialog Box What is a Dual-boot What is a Slide What is A4 What is AM What is Barcode Reader What is EHCI What is a Header What is a Joystick What is a Secondary Storage Device What is Access Time What is Account Sharing What is an Asterisk What is Asynchronous DRAM What is Back Quote What is BIOS What is Borderless Printing What is Case Badge What is CD-ROM What is Chat Slang What is Composite What is RJ Cable What Are Bottom Row Keys What is SAN What is Tray What is VDU What Does Alt + M Do What Does Alt + P Do What is a Cell What is a Command Key What is a key Combination What is a Menu Bar What is a Startup What is a T What is Chat What are the F1 through F12 keys What does Alt + Enter do What Does Alt + Home DO What does Alt + R do What does Ctrl + B do What Does Ctrl + Enter Do What Does Ctrl + R Do What does Ctrl + G do What does Ctrl + 9 do What does Ctrl + End do What does Ctrl + O do What Does Ctrl + P do What Does Ctrl + Q do What is a Colon What is a Core What is Apple Touch Icon What is Clock What is Code What is Computer Crime What is Ctrl What is DAT What is Data diddling What is Date Why won't my computer turn on What Does Alt + N Do What does ctrl + 2 do What does ctrl + space do What does Ctrl + W do What does Ctrl + T Do What Does Ctrl + 2 do What does Ctrl + 5 Do What are the most common file types and file extensions What are Sticky keys What Does Ctrl + Shift + Esc Do What is Settings What is Task Manager What is Taskbar What is a DNS Resolver What does ctrl + 1 do What does ctrl + 0 do How to install software What is a Folder What is a Legend What is a MAC Address What is a Path What is a Ruler What is a Toolbar What is an Intranet Meaning and Differences with Internet What is an SSD What is Inheritance What is Tablet What is Depth What is Docking Station What is Double Click What is a Solid Ink Printer What is a Temporary File What is Backup and Restore What is Electronic Payment Systems Eps What is Marshalling

Difference

Difference between hardware and software Difference between multiprocessor and distributed systems Difference between Desktop and Laptop Difference between File and folder Difference between Hard Copy and Soft Copy Open Source Programs vs Closed Source Programs Difference between Optical Fibre and Coaxial Cable Difference between Website and Webpage Difference between Classes and Objects Input VS Output Difference between Primary and Secondary Storage with Examples

Misc

Quantum Computing Computer Software Autoexec.bat and config.sys info Update an Antivirus Use of Internet Advantages and disadvantages of Email Computing Power Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Augmented Reality Infrastructure Readiness Check Top 10 Internet tips and tricks Introduction and Features of FoxPro Features of Multimedia Top 10 online services and applications Receiving S.M.A.R.T. status bad backup and replacing error Version Control System Uninstalling Software or Apps in Windows Data Warehouse Increase or decrease font size in Word using keyboard shortcuts Mouse not detected or working in Windows Computer Cleaning Information and Steps Function Keys on Keyboard Windows 7 Alt+Tab won’t stay on top or stick 10 Essential Examples of Web Browsers Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement Case Sensitive Languages Computer Pioneers and people who are CEO Microsoft Word Shortcut Keys Parts of Computers Names, Definitions and Images ROM and its Types Basics of Information Technology Characteristics of a Good Software Design Characteristics of Management Information System Classification of Management Information System Implementation of MIS Input Devices of Computer Definition Limitations of Management Information System 3 Types Of Network in Computer Block Diagram Of Control Unit Difference Between Computer and Embedded System Difference Between Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Abstraction in OOAD Hardware and Software Devices Optomechanical Mouse CMOS Memory What is a Terminal? What is Graphic Design? What is Load? What is Passcode? What is Reboot? What is Registry? What is Safe Mode? What is Standby? What is SYN (Synchronize)? What is Task Manager? Attribute Computing BPS in Computer Bulletin Board System Light Pen Input Device 3 TYPES OF NETWORK IN COMPUTER Block diagram of control unit What is a Solid Ink Printer? What is a Temporary File? What is an App launcher? What is Backup and Restore? What is a Tab Character? What is the Core i3? What is Paint? What is a Workbook? Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education What is a String? What is a VDU (Visible Display Unit)? 50 Uses of Computer What is Workspace? What is a Procedural Language? What is VGA (Video Graphics Array)?

What is network Interface card (NIC)?

A network interface card is a hardware part of a computer, which is used to connect the internet in the system. The latest network interface card gives functionality to the computer, like it can support input-output interrupt, direct memory access interfaces, partitioning, and much more.

What is network Interface card (NIC)?

It helps the computer with a particular, full-time connection network. It contains the physical layer hardware required to communicate with a day link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. The Network Interface card looks like a device, and it can create, transmit and manage the proceed of data on the network.

The OSI model is used by the network interface card to relay signals at the hardware layer, send data packets at the network layer, and act as a terminal at the TCP/IP layer.

The interface card works as a middleman between a computer and the network. Just take an example if you hit and web page, then the computer will pass the request to the network card, and it will convert it into electrical impulses.

And then, on the internet service, the web server gets the impulses and responds by forwarding the internet sites back to the network card. And it sends the data in electrical signals. Then the interface card gets the electrical signals and transforms them into the data that the computer displays.

The network controller was first used as an expansion card that could be inserted into a computer port, router, or USB device. But nowadays, the latest network controller is directly built into the motherboard chipset. If you need any extra network connection, you can buy it from the store or also can buy it online. When you buy an extra network connection, then ensure that the NIC specifications match the standard of the network.

NIC also says interchangeable with the terms network interface controller, network adopter, and local area network adapter.

Types of Network interface card

The network interface card is a ductile circuit board that slides into the computer to attach to the motherboard, so there will be many methods to connect it that are following:

1. Wireless: This network interface card is used as an antenna to provide wireless connection by the radio frequency waves. It is designed as a Wi-Fi connection.

2. Wired: This type of network interface card has input jacks that are created by cables. One of the very famous interface cards is Ethernet.

3. USB: This type of card is connected by the USB port that is plugged into the CPU.

4. Fiber optics: This type of interface card is the most multiplex Network interface card that is used as a giant momentum support system for the network traffic control on the server computer. This help can also be accomplished by combining multiple Network interface cards.

Components of Network interface card

There are some following components of the network interface card:

1. Speed: The main compartment of the network interface card is speed. Its rating term of Mbps shows the general presentation of the card when it uses in the computer network in the company of ample bandwidth. If the bandwidth is less than the network interface card, then the labeled speed will slow down. The average speed of Ethernet is 10 Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1 Gbps. There are wide varieties of Ethernet.

2. Driver: Driver is the software that passes the data from the computer operating system to the network interface card. When you download the NIC, then its corresponding driver software will also be downloaded. To use it correctly, you have to update your driver and ensure that it is an uncorrupted optimal performance from the network interface card.

3. Mac address: This address should be unique and unchangeable. It is familiar with the physical network addresses allocated to the network interface card. These addresses are used to deliver the Ethernet packets to the computer.

4. Connectivity LED: Almost every network interface card has an LED indication built into the connector to alert the user when data is being sent over the network.

5. Router: It is used to enable communication between the computer and other systems. In this case, network interface card is attached to the router, which is directly attached to the internet.

6. Memory: There is another memory that is a very important component of the network interface card. It is utilized to store data during communication.

7. Connector: The connector is also the component of the NIC. It is used to connect the cable to the Ethernet port.

8. Processor: Initially, it is utilized to convert the data message into an acceptable form of communication.

9. Jumpers: It is a little device that is used to control the communication operation with the help of any software. Or, it has also one another use that it can determine the setting for the interrupt request line. Input-Output address, upper memory block, and the type of transfer. With the help of wireless connectivity, the router is used.

Features of network interface card

There are multiple features of network interface card, which are follows:

  • It bolsters practically all standard transport for information move between the PCs and to the gadgets.
  • It may include other design details that are dependent on the network's engineering.
  • It is an equipment part where network regulators are incorrupt into a circuit load up that uses a standard OSI model of 7 layers to transmit, and it shows like the trans- amateur, where it can be sent and received together when it is talking with dissimilar gadgets.
  • Consider the case of a customer and a worker, where communication takes place by first conveying a signal to the physical layer and then forwarding data bundles to the network layer, which is interfaced via TCP/IP.

Collaboration with the motherboard is created by utilizing any of the accompanying along these components that are shown below:

  1. Peripheral Component Interconnect connector
  2. Industry Standard Architecture connector
  3.  Peripheral Component Interconnect -E
  4. File Wire
  5. Universal Serial Bus
  6. Thunderclaps

Function of network interface card

Network interface card is used to convert the data into a digital signal.

In the OSI model, network interface card utilizes the hardware sheet to transfer signals and the network sheet to transfer data packets.

Network interface cards provide both wired as well as wireless data communication techniques.

A network interface card is a piece of software that connects a computer to a data network.

Network interface card works on both layer hardware as well as the data link sheet of the OSI model.

Advantages of network interface card

There are the following some advantages of a network interface card -

1. When you compare it to a wireless network card, it supplies a secure, quick, and reliable connection.

2. It also aids in the connection of peripheral systems via multiple NIC ports.

3. It assists us in sharing heavy data among many users.

4. In the network interface card, it provides a high speed of communication.

5. It is less expensive when compared to other options.

6. Network interface card is simple to troubleshoot.

7. The information move is exceptionally dependent on the hubs.

8. Numerous fringe gadgets can be associated with the use of numerous ports of NIC cards.

9. The mass information of network interface cards can be divided into numerous clients.

Disadvantage of network interface card

There are also some disadvantages to using the network interface card that is following -

1. As compared to others, it is inconvenient.

2. If you are using cable NIC, it requires a hard cable connection.

3. It requires the proper configuration to work perfectly.

4. Network interface card is not more secure, so the present data in it is not safe.

5. The information available in it is not stable.

6. The design of the network interface card should be legitimate for best correspondence.

Application of Network interface card

There are the following applications of the network interface card –

1.NIC is used to exchange data over a network on a computer, i.e., documents, images, files, etc.

2. NIC is applicable for wireless communication devices, i.e., Firewalls, Bridges, and Repeaters.

3. NIC is applicable for wired communication devices like hubs, switches, routers, smartphones, etc.

As a result, this page discusses network interface cards, also known as network interface controllers, which are electronic hardware components that are installed into computers. The major goal is to communicate with other devices via wired or wireless connections. In this paragraph, we have seen the type of NIC and its operation with a sample, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Intel, Cisco, D-Link, and other major network interface card manufacturers are among the most popular.